DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

Federal Funds

For necessary expenses of the Office of the Administrator in the National Nuclear Security Administration, including official reception and representation expenses not to exceed $12,000, [$448,267,000]$450,060,000, to remain available until expended. Note.—A full-year 2011 appropriation for this account was not enacted at the time the budget was prepared; therefore, this account is operating under a continuing resolution (P.L. 111–242, as amended). The amounts included for 2011 reflect the annualized level provided by the continuing resolution.

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

Office of the Administrator._This account provides the Federal salaries and other expenses of the Administrator's direct staff for Weapons Activities and Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation, and Federal employees at the NNSA Service Center and site offices. The Office of the Administrator creates a well-managed, inclusive, responsive, and accountable organization through the strategic management of human capital, enhanced cost-effective utilization of information technology, and greater integration of budget and performance data. Program direction for Naval Reactors remains within that program's account, and program direction for Secure Transportation Asset remains in the Weapons Activities account.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)

Employment Summary

For Department of Energy expenses necessary for naval reactors activities to carry out the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7101 et seq.), including the acquisition (by purchase, condemnation, construction, or otherwise) of real property, plant, and capital equipment, facilities, and facility expansion, [$1,070,486,000]$1,153,662,000, to remain available until expended. Note.—A full-year 2011 appropriation for this account was not enacted at the time the budget was prepared; therefore, this account is operating under a continuing resolution (P.L. 111–242, as amended). The amounts included for 2011 reflect the annualized level provided by the continuing resolution.

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

Naval Reactors._This account funds all naval nuclear propulsion work. It begins with reactor technology development, continues through reactor operation, and ends with reactor plant disposal. The program ensures the safe and reliable operation of reactor plants in nuclear-powered submarines and aircraft carriers (constituting 40 percent of the Navy's combatants), and fulfills the Navy's requirements for new nuclear propulsion plants that meet current and future national defense requirements.
Due to the crucial nature of nuclear reactor work, Naval Reactors is a centrally managed organization. Federal employees oversee and set policies/procedures for developing new reactor plants and operating existing nuclear plants and the facilities that support these plants.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)

Employment Summary

For Department of Energy expenses, including the purchase, construction, and acquisition of plant and capital equipment and other incidental expenses necessary for atomic energy defense weapons activities in carrying out the purposes of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7101 et seq.), including the acquisition or condemnation of any real property or any facility or for plant or facility acquisition, construction, or expansion, the purchase of not to exceed one ambulance and one aircraft; [$7,008,835,000]$7,629,716,000, to remain available until expended: Provided, That of the unobligated balances available under this heading, $40,332,000 are hereby permanently cancelled: Provided further, That no amounts may be cancelled from amounts that were designated by the Congress as an emergency requirement pursuant to the Concurrent Resolution on the Budget or the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, as amended. Note.—A full-year 2011 appropriation for this account was not enacted at the time the budget was prepared; therefore, this account is operating under a continuing resolution (P.L. 111–242, as amended). The amounts included for 2011 reflect the annualized level provided by the continuing resolution.

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

Programs funded within the Weapons Activities appropriation support the nation's current and future defense posture, and its attendant nationwide infrastructure of science, technology and engineering capabilities. Weapons Activities provides for the maintenance and refurbishment of nuclear weapons to sustain confidence in their safety, reliability, and performance; expansion of scientific, engineering, and manufacturing capabilities to enable certification of the enduring nuclear weapons stockpile; and manufacture of nuclear weapon components . Weapons Activities also provides for continued maintenance and investment in the nuclear security enterprise to be more responsive and cost effective. The major elements of the program include the following:

Directed Stockpile Work._Encompasses all activities that directly support the nuclear weapons stockpile. These activities include: maintenance and surveillance; planned refurbishment; reliability assessment; weapon dismantlement and disposal; and research, development, and certification technology efforts to meet stockpile requirements.

Campaigns._Focuses on scientific, technical, and engineering efforts to develop and maintain critical capabilities and tools needed to support science based stockpile stewardship, refurbishment and continued certification of the stockpile over the long-term in the absence of underground nuclear testing.

Readiness in Technical Base and Facilities._Provides the underlying physical infrastructure and operational readiness for the nuclear security enterprise , ensuring that facilities are operational, safe, secure, and compliant with regulatory requirements, and sustaining a defined level of readiness at all NNSA facilities.

Secure Transportation Asset._Provides for the safe, secure movement of nuclear weapons, special nuclear material, and weapon components to meet projected DOE and DoD requirements. The Program Direction in this account provides for Federal agents and the secure transportation workforce.

Nuclear Counterterrorism Incident Response._Manages strategically placed people and equipment to provide a technically trained response to nuclear or radiological incidents worldwide, mitigates nuclear or radiological threats through research and development, and provides interagency training and support to the Nation from the threat of nuclear terrorism.

Facilities and Infrastructure Recapitalization._Addresses an integrated, prioritized series of repair and infrastructure projects focusing on elimination of legacy deferred maintenance in order to increase operational efficiency and cost effectiveness. The program is scheduled to conclude in 2013.

Site Stewardship._Ensures environmentally compliant and energy efficient operations , while modernizing, streamlining and sustaining the stewardship and vitality of the NNSA sites.

Defense Nuclear Security._Provides protection for NNSA personnel, facilities, and nuclear weapons from a full spectrum of threats, most notably terrorism. Provides for all safeguards and security requirements including protective forces and systems at all NNSA sites.

Cyber Security._Provides the requisite guidance needed to ensure that sufficient information technology and information management security safeguards are implemented, and makes strategic investments in people, operations, and technology to transform the NNSA security posture.

National Security Applications._Supports leadership in science and technology to serve national security needs by making strategic technical investments which utilize the science, technology and engineering capabilities and infrastructure of the nuclear security enterprise.
NNSA's request reflects the partnership between NNSA and the Department of Defense (DOD) to modernize the nuclear deterrent. DOD has created a separate account with the amounts for Weapons Activities that are shown in the table below underscoring the close link between these activities and DOD nuclear weapons-related requirements and missions. OMB will ensure that future budget year allocations to NNSA occur in the required amounts. Total Weapons Activities funding for each year will thereby equal the amounts projected in the November 2010 Update to the National Defense Authorization Act of FY 2010 Section 1251 Report.

Department of Defense Support for Weapons Activities (in millions)

In addition to the amounts above, OMB will ensure that the following additional allocations occur as planned for Naval Reactors: FY 2013, $6 million; FY 2014, $2 million; and FY 2015, $1 million.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)

Employment Summary

For Department of Energy expenses, including the purchase, construction, and acquisition of plant and capital equipment and other incidental expenses necessary for defense nuclear nonproliferation activities, in carrying out the purposes of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7101 et seq.), including the acquisition or condemnation of any real property or any facility or for plant or facility acquisition, construction, or expansion, and the purchase of not to exceed one passenger motor vehicle for replacement only, [$2,687,167,000]$2,549,492,000, to remain available until expended: Provided, That of the unobligated balances available under this heading, $30,000,000 are hereby permanently cancelled; Provided further, That no amounts may be cancelled from amounts that were designated by the Congress as an emergency requirement pursuant to the Concurrent Resolution on the Budget or the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, as amended. Note.—A full-year 2011 appropriation for this account was not enacted at the time the budget was prepared; therefore, this account is operating under a continuing resolution (P.L. 111–242, as amended). The amounts included for 2011 reflect the annualized level provided by the continuing resolution.

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

Programs funded within the Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation appropriation account support the mission to: 1) prevent the spread of materials, technology, and expertise relating to weapons of mass destruction (WMD); 2) advance the technologies to detect the proliferation of WMD worldwide; 3) and eliminate or secure inventories of surplus materials and infrastructure usable for nuclear weapons. The programs address the danger that hostile nations or terrorist groups may acquire WMD or weapons-usable material, dual-use production technology, or WMD expertise. The major elements of the program include the following:

Nonproliferation and Verification Research and Development (R&D)._This program reduces the threat to national security posed by nuclear weapons proliferation/detonation or the illicit trafficking of nuclear materials through the long-term development of new and novel technology including treaty monitoring and verification capabilities. Using the unique facilities and scientific skills of NNSA and Department of Energy (DOE) national laboratories and plants, in partnership with industry and academia, the R&D program conducts research and development that supports nonproliferation mission requirements to close technology gaps identified through close interaction with NNSA and other U.S. Government agencies. It meets unique challenges and plays an important role in the Federal Government by developing new technologies applicable to nonproliferation, homeland security, and national security needs.

Nonproliferation and International Security (NIS)._The NIS mission is to prevent and counter the proliferation of WMD, including materials, technologies, and expertise, by states and non-state actors. The program provides policy and technical support for nonproliferation and associated treaties and agreements, domestic and international legal and regulatory controls, and diplomatic and counter-proliferation initiatives, and through cooperation with international organizations and foreign partners on export controls, safeguards, and security. The program makes vital contributions to strengthen international security and the nuclear nonproliferation regime in four main areas: (1) Nuclear Safeguards and Security; (2) Nuclear Controls; (3) Nuclear Verification; and (4) Nonproliferation Policy. The NIS program safeguards nuclear material to ensure it is not diverted for non-peaceful uses; controls the spread of WMD material, technology and expertise; and verifies nuclear reductions and programs.

International Nuclear Materials Protection and Cooperation (INMP&C)._ The INMP&C program supports one of the Administration's top priorities to lead a global effort to secure all nuclear weapons materials at vulnerable sites within four years — the most effective way to prevent terrorists from acquiring a nuclear bomb. INMP&C prevents nuclear terrorism by working in Russia and other regions of concern to 1) secure and eliminate vulnerable nuclear weapons and weapons exploitable materials, and 2) install detection equipment at international crossing points and Megaports to prevent and detect the illicit transfer of nuclear material. The program continues to improve the security of nuclear material and nuclear warheads in Russia and other countries of proliferation concern by installing Material, Protection, Control and Accounting (MPC&A) upgrades and providing sustainability support to sites with previously installed MPC&A upgrades. Reducing the potential for diversion of nuclear warheads and nuclear materials has been a critical priority for the United States. The United States, through DOE/NNSA's Second Line of Defense program, will continue to work with international partners to enhance their capabilities to detect, deter, and interdict illicit trafficking in nuclear and other radioactive materials, including the screening of containerized cargo at strategic international seaports.

Elimination of Weapons-Grade Plutonium Production (EWGPP)._Enhances nuclear nonproliferation by assisting Russia in ceasing its production of weapons-grade plutonium by providing replacement heat and electricity production capacity. This has resulted in the shutdown of the last three plutonium producing reactors in Russia, and the elimination of the production of 1.2 metric tons of plutonium per year. The program is scheduled to be completed in 2011 with the completion of boilers, coal plant construction and supporting infrastructure to supply hot water to Zheleznogorsk.

Fissile Materials Disposition._The program goal is to eliminate the surplus Russian weapons-grade plutonium and surplus United States (U.S.) weapons-grade plutonium and highly enriched uranium. These disposition activities are concrete steps towards the Administration's vision of a world without nuclear weapons and are consistent with the Administration's international nonproliferation and arms control obligations. The program focuses U.S. efforts to downblend surplus U.S. highly enriched uranium and to implement the Plutonium Management and Disposition Agreement between the United States and Russia, which commits both countries to dispose of no less than 34 metric tons of surplus weapons-grade plutonium—enough for 8,000 nuclear weapons.

Global Threat Reduction Initiative (GTRI)._The GTRI mission is to reduce and protect vulnerable nuclear and radiological materials located at civilian sites worldwide. GTRI directly supports the Administration's goal to secure all vulnerable nuclear material around the world within four years, as well as objectives defined at the Moscow Summit in July 2009 concerning material removal and conversion of research reactors. GTRI supports the U.S. Department of Energy's Nuclear Security Goal by preventing terrorists from acquiring nuclear and radiological materials that could be used in weapons of mass destruction (WMD) or other acts of terrorism by: 1) Converting research reactors and isotope production facilities from the use of highly enriched uranium (HEU) to low enriched uranium (LEU); 2) Removing and disposing of excess nuclear and radiological materials; and, 3) Protecting high-priority nuclear and radiological materials from theft and sabotage. These three key aspects of GTRI—convert, remove, and protect—together provide a comprehensive approach to achieving its mission and denying terrorists access to nuclear and radiological materials.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

Cerro Grande Fire Activities._Emergency funding was provided in 2000 and 2001 for restoration activities at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico after the Cerro Grande Fire in May 2000.

Federal Funds

For Department of Energy expenses, including the purchase, construction, and acquisition of plant and capital equipment and other expenses necessary for atomic energy defense environmental cleanup activities in carrying out the purposes of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7101 et seq.), including the acquisition or condemnation of any real property or any facility or for plant or facility acquisition, construction, or expansion, and the purchase of not to exceed [two]one ambulances and one fire truck for replacement only, [$5,563,039,000] $5,406,781,000, to remain available until expended[, of which $496,700,000 shall be transferred to the "Uranium Enrichment Decontamination and Decommissioning Fund''].

Note.—A full-year 2011 appropriation for this account was not enacted at the time the budget was prepared; therefore, this account is operating under a continuing resolution (P.L. 111–242, as amended). The amounts included for 2011 reflect the annualized level provided by the continuing resolution.

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

The Defense Environmental Cleanup program is responsible for identifying and reducing risks and managing waste at sites where the Department carried out defense-related nuclear research and production activities that resulted in radioactive, hazardous, and mixed waste contamination requiring remediation, stabilization, or some other type of cleanup action. The budget displays the cleanup program by site.

Closure Sites._Funds post-closure administration costs after physical completion.

Hanford Site._Funds the Hanford site cleanup and environmental restoration to protect the Columbia River. The Hanford site cleanup is managed by two Environmental Management (EM) site offices: the Richland Operations Office and the Office of River Protection.
The Hanford site (Richland) is responsible for cleanup of most of the geographic area on the Hanford site. In 2012, the Hanford site projects are displayed as a single control point in order to allow flexibilty at the site to achieve its overall mission. The primary cleanup focus is the safe storage, treatment and disposal of Hanford's legacy wastes and environmental restoration. Risk to the public, workers, and the environment will be reduced by removing contamination before it migrates to the Columbia River.
The Office of River Protection at the Hanford site is responsible for the storage, retrieval, treatment, immobilization, and disposal of tank waste and the operation, maintenance, engineering, and construction activities in the 200 Area Tank Farms. Its budget has two components, the operation and maintenance of radioactive liquid waste tank farms and construction of the Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant.

Idaho._Funds the Idaho Cleanup Project, which is aimed at reducing the risk of contamination reaching the Snake River Plain Aquifer from nuclear and hazardous waste buried or stored on-site. It also funds efforts to eliminate infrastructure costs by conducting cleanup operations to reduce the site "footprint"; stabilize legacy spent nuclear fuel through 2012; and treat and dispose of the sodium bearing tank wastes, close tank farms, perform initial tank soils remediation work, and prepare the stored high-level waste calcine for final disposition.

NNSA Sites._Funds the safe and efficient cleanup of the environmental legacy at National Nuclear Security Administration sites including Los Alamos National Laboratory, Nevada Site, and the Separations Process Research Unit. The cleanup strategy is a risk-based approach that focuses first on those contaminant plumes and sources that are the greatest contributors to risk. The overall goal is first to ensure that risks to the public and workers are controlled, then to clean up soil and groundwater using a risk-based methodology. NNSA is responsible for long-term stewardship of its sites after physical cleanup is completed.

Oak Ridge._Funds defense-related cleanup of the three facilities that make up the Oak Ridge Reservation: the East Tennessee Technology Park, the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and the Y-12 Plant. The overall cleanup strategy is based on surface water considerations, encompassing five distinct watersheds that feed the Clinch River. Cleanup actions will contain that waste; improve on-site surface water quality to meet required standards; and protect off-site users of the Clinch River.

Savannah River Site._Funds the safe stabilization, treatment, and disposition of legacy nuclear materials, spent nuclear fuel, and waste at the Savannah River site. In 2012, the Savannah River projects are displayed in a single control point in order to allow flexibity at the site to achieve its overall mission. The Savannah River cleanup strategy has four primary objectives: 1) eliminate the highest risks first through safe stabilization, treatment, and disposition of EM-owned nuclear materials, spent nuclear fuel, and waste; 2) significantly reduce costs of continuing operations and surveillance and maintenance; 3) decommission all EM-owned facilities; and 4) remediate groundwater and contaminated soils, using an area closure approach.

Waste Isolation Pilot Plant._Funds the world's first permitted deep geologic repository for the permanent disposal of radioactive waste, and the Nation's only disposal site for defense-generated transuranic waste. The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, managed by the Carlsbad Field Office, is an operating facility, supporting the cleanup of transuranic waste from waste generator and storage sites. The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant is crucial to DOE completing its cleanup and closure mission.

Program Direction._Funds the Federal workforce responsible for the overall direction and administrative support of the EM program, including both Headquarters and field personnel.

Community, Regulatory, and Program Support._In 2012, EM will be consolidating its Headquarters policy and oversight activities, community and regulatory support and contract/post closure activities across the EM complex into a single control point. The consolidation of these activities will allow for greater transparency and accountability of overhead activities but will also provide flexibility during budget execution. Activities that will be included within this account are management and direction for various crosscutting EM and DOE initiatives; establishment and implementation of national and departmental policy; and analyses and integration activities across the Department of Energy complex in a consistent, responsible and efficient manner; payments in-lieu-of taxes, stakeholder and tribal government support, funding of contactor liabilities, support to Site Specific Advisory Boards, and economic assistance to state and local governments.

Safeguards and Security._Funds activities to protect against unauthorized access, theft, diversion, loss of custody or destruction of Department of Energy assets and hostile acts that may cause adverse impacts on fundamental national security or the health and safety of Department of Energy and contractor employees, the public or the environment.

Technology Development and Deployment._Funds projects to address the immediate, near- and long-term technology needs identified by the EM sites, enabling them to accelerate their cleanup schedules, treat orphaned wastes, improve worker safety, and provide technical foundations for the sites' end state visions. Specific focus is to mature and deploy the necessary technologies to accelerate tank waste processing, treatment, and waste loading.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)

Employment Summary

For Department of Energy expenses, including the purchase, construction, and acquisition of plant and capital equipment and other expenses, necessary for atomic energy defense, other defense activities, and classified activities, in carrying out the purposes of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7101 et seq.), including the acquisition or condemnation of any real property or any facility or for plant or facility acquisition, construction, or expansion, and the purchase of not to exceed 10 passenger motor vehicles for replacement only, [$866,317,000] $859,952,000, to remain available until expended: Provided, That of the funds made available under this heading, $11,891,755 is for strengthening the Department's acquisition workforce capacity and capabilities: Provided further, That with respect to the previous proviso, such funds may be transferred by the Secretary to any other account in the Department to carry out the purposes provided herein: Provided further, That the transfer authority in the first proviso is in addition to any other transfer authority provided in this Act: Provided further, That, with respect to the first provso, such funds shall be available for training, recruitment, retention, and hiring members of the acquisition workforce as defined by the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act, as amended (41 U.S.C. 401 et seq.): Provided further, That, with respect to the first proviso, such funds shall be available for information technology in support of acquisition workforce effectiveness or for management solutions to improve acquisition management. Note.—A full-year 2011 appropriation for this account was not enacted at the time the budget was prepared; therefore, this account is operating under a continuing resolution (P.L. 111–242, as amended). The amounts included for 2011 reflect the annualized level provided by the continuing resolution.

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

Health, Safety and Security._The Office of Health, Safety and Security (HSS) supports the Secretary's mission-related objectives by strengthening the Department's health, safety, environment, and security programs to enhance productivity while maintaining the highest standards of safe operation, protection of national assets, and environmental sustainability. HSS functions include: policy and guidance development and technical assistance; analysis of health, safety, environment, and security performance; nuclear safety; domestic and international health studies; medical screening programs for former workers; Energy Employee Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act support; quality assurance programs; safety and security professional development and training; interface with the Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board; advanced security technologies deployment; national security information programs; security for the Department's facilities and personnel in the National Capital Area; independent oversight of security, cyber security, emergency management, environment, safety, and health performance; and worker safety, nuclear safety, and classified information security enforcement programs.

Office of Legacy Management._The programs support long-term stewardship activities (e.g., groundwater monitoring, disposal cell maintenance, records management, and management of natural resources) at sites where active remediation has been completed. In addition, Legacy Management is responsible for the management and administration of pension and benefit continuity for contractor retirees at these sites.

All Other._Obligations are included for defense-related administrative support, defense-related activities at Idaho National Laboratory, acquisitions workforce improvement, and the Office of Hearings and Appeals. The Office of Hearings and Appeals adjudicates personnel security cases, as well as whistleblower reprisal complaints filed by DOE contractor employees. The Office is the appeal authority in various other areas, including Freedom of Information Act and Privacy Act appeals. In addition, the Office decides requests for exception from DOE orders, rules, regulations, and is responsible for the DOE's alternative dispute resolution function. Finally, the Office issues agency decisions on whistleblower reprisal complaints related to the expenditure of American Recovery and Reinvestment Act funds.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)

Employment Summary

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

In FY 2010, the Department closed the Yucca Mountain Project and the Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management (RW). Related activities that were performed by RW are now being performed elsewhere in the Department .

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)

Federal Funds

For Department of Energy expenses including the purchase, construction, and acquisition of plant and capital equipment, and other expenses necessary for science activities in carrying out the purposes of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7101 et seq.), including the acquisition or condemnation of any real property or facility or for plant or facility acquisition, construction, or expansion, and purchase of not more than [57]49 passenger motor vehicles[, 56 of which are] for replacement only, including [two law enforcement vehicles, two ambulances,]one ambulance and [two buses]one bus, [$5,121,437,000]$5,416,114,000, to remain available until expended. Note.—A full-year 2011 appropriation for this account was not enacted at the time the budget was prepared; therefore, this account is operating under a continuing resolution (P.L. 111–242, as amended). The amounts included for 2011 reflect the annualized level provided by the continuing resolution.

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

High Energy Physics._The high energy physics (HEP) program aims to understand how our universe works at its most fundamental level, by discovering the most elementary constituents of matter and energy, probing the interactions between them, and exploring the basic nature of space and time itself. The program encompasses both experimental and theoretical particle physics research and related advanced accelerator and detector technology research and development (R&D). The primary mode of experimental research involves the study of collisions of energetic particles using large particle accelerators or colliding beam facilities.
In addition to contributing to breakthrough scientific discoveries, HEP research also makes major contributions to accelerator technology and provides the expertise necessary for the expansion of such technology into medicine, industry, and homeland security, as well as materials, biology, and chemistry research using light sources. One notable recent example is the Linac Coherent Light Source, now operating at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory: the concept and proof-of-principle for this state-of-the-art basic energy sciences facility grew out of particle accelerator technology developed for the HEP program.
The HEP request supports the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) research program, including support for software and computing, pre-operations and maintenance of the U.S. built systems that are part of the LHC detectors, and accelerator commissioning and accelerator physics studies using the LHC.
While the future trajectory of the worldwide HEP program emphasizes the energy frontier, the proposed long-range program will provide the U.S. with a balanced and diverse array of world-leading efforts, including new facilities to ensure continued U.S. leadership at the intensity and cosmic frontiers of exploration, such as intense particle beams at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory to probe rare and subtle particle interactions, or ground and space-based observatories for understanding dark energy and dark matter.

Nuclear Physics._The nuclear physics (NP) program provides new insights and advances knowledge on the evolution and structure of nuclear matter. The program focuses on three broad but highly related research frontiers: strong interactions among quarks and gluons (quantum chromodynamics) and how they assemble into the various forms of matter; the structure of atomic nuclei at their limits of existence and nuclear astrophysics to address the origin of the elements and the evolution of the cosmos; and development of a new Standard Model of fundamental interactions and understanding of its implications for the origin of matter and the properties of neutrinos and nuclei.
NP develops the scientific knowledge, technologies, and trained workforce needed to underpin DOE's applied missions and is inherently relevant to a broad suite of applications that are important to the Nation. The advancement of knowledge of nuclear matter and its properties is intertwined with nuclear power, nuclear medicine, national security, environmental and geological sciences, and isotope production.
The NP request continues support of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory to characterize new states of matter and phenomena that occur in hot, dense nuclear matter; the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility to understand the substructure of the nucleon; and the Argonne Tandem Linear Accelerator System at Argonne National Laboratory for the study of nuclear structure and nuclear astrophysics. Construction continues on the 12 GeV CEBAF Upgrade project to double the electron beam energy at CEBAF, which will open the opportunity for new discoveries and an understanding of quark confinement. Efforts continue for the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, which will enable a comprehensive description of nuclei, elucidate the origin of the elements in the cosmos and the behavior, of neutron stars, and establish the scientific foundation for innovative applications of nuclear science. The development of the neutron program at the Fundamental Neutron Physics Beamline at the Spallation Neutron Source continues. The Isotope Development and Production for Research and Applications program will continue to develop and produce commercial and research radioisotopes that are provided to medical institutions, universities, research organizations, and industry for a wide array of uses and applications. Operations of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Holified Radioactive Ion Beam Facility, a national user facility supporting capabilities for studies of nuclear structure and astrophysics, will cease in FY 2012.

Biological and Environmental Research._This program funds research in global climate change, environmental science, and systems biology. In conjunction with the advanced scientific computing research program, an earth systems modeling activity is continued to accelerate progress in coupled atmosphere-ocean-land-sea ice development through use of enhanced computer simulation and modeling. Genomics science activities will develop the science, technology, and knowledge base to harness microbial and plant systems for cost effective renewable energy production, carbon sequestration, and environmental remediation. The budget continues support for Bioenergy Research Centers, where research focuses on developing the fundamental science underpinning biofuel production.

Basic Energy Sciences._The basic energy sciences (BES) program supports fundamental research in material sciences, chemistry, geosciences, and aspects of biosciences to understand, predict, and ultimately control matter and energy at the electronic, atomic, and molecular levels. BES core research awards permit individual scientists and small groups to pursue discovery driven research interests with broad energy relevance. BES also supports two innovative approaches to integrated research: Energy Frontier Research Centers and Energy Innovation Hubs. The Energy Frontier Research Centers support multi-year, multi-investigator scientific collaborations focused on overcoming hurdles in basic science that block transformational discoveries. The Energy Innovation Hubs establish larger, highly integrated teams working to solve priority technology challenges.
The BES program operates large national user research facilities: a complementary set of intense x-ray sources, neutron scattering centers, electron beam characterization capabilities, and research centers for nanoscale science. These facilities probe materials in space, time, and energy at resolutions that can investigate the inner workings of matter to answer some of the most challenging grand science questions. The request includes continued support to maintain utilization of and provide instrumentation for these state-of-the-art national user facilities. Research areas that will benefit from the facilities funding include structural biology, materials science, superconductor technology, and biomedical research and technology development. The request supports continued fundingn for construction of the National Synchrotron Light Source II at Brookhaven National Laboratory.

Fusion Energy Sciences._The fusion energy sciences (FES) program is focused on developing the scientific basis for fusion energy. Burning plasma science, control of the plasma state required for attractive fusion energy, plasma-material interfaces, and harnessing fusion power are the four themes being addressed for the purposes of magnetic fusion research. FES supports the construction of and developing the research program for ITER, an international experiment directed toward establishing the scientific basis for fusion energy and demonstrating its scientific viability. An essential element of the FES program is the invention of advanced measurement techniques to ascertain the properties of plasma and its surroundings at the level required to test, challenge, and advance theoretical models. This validation forms the foundation of computational tools used to understand and predict the behavior of natural and man-made plasmas systems, including burning plasmas for fusion energy.
FES funds the U.S. contributions to the ITER Project in collaboration with the European Union (EU), Japan, Russia, Korea, China, and India. ITER is the next step toward eventually developing fusion as a commercially viable energy source. The U.S. input to ITER physics design and preparations for its scientific exploitation are being coordinated by the U.S. Burning Plasma Organization (USBPO), which is a FES community-wide activity leveraging ongoing research at major facilities and at universities. The FES program operates three major research facilities (DIII-D, Alcator C-Mod, and the National Spherical Torus Experiment) to develop a more complete understanding of the physics of magnetically confined plasma and carry out research relevant to the success of ITER. The FES program also provides support for basic research in plasma science in partnership with the National Science Foundation; basic research in fusion science with university, private sector, and DOE laboratory engagement; and the study of high energy density laboratory plasmas through a joint program with the National Nuclear Security Administration. FES supports theory, modeling, and advanced simulation using high performance computing and research on new diagnostic measurement techniques and enabling technologies to enhance the capability of FES research facilities.

Advanced Scientific Computing Research._This program supports advanced computational research, applied mathematics, computer science, and networking. The program also supports the operation of large high performance computing and network facilities including leadership computing facilities at the Oak Ridge and Argonne National Laboratories, the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Facility at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and the Energy Sciences Network. The request includes research, integrated with other science programs, on application of computer simulation and modeling to science problems. New research will focus on coordinated efforts to address the fundamental changes taking place in the computing industry to deliver on the promise of hybrid, multi-core computing systems up to the exascale.

Science Laboratories Infrastructure._The mission of this program is to support scientific and technological innovation at Office of Science (SC) laboratories by funding mission-ready infrastructure and fostering safe, sustainable, and environmentally responsible operations. Paramount among these is the provision of the infrastructure necessary to ensure world leadership by the SC national laboratories in basic scientific research, now and in the future. The request continues funding for the Infrastructure Modernization Initiative that is ensuring the mission readiness of the laboratories.

Safeguards and Security._The mission of this program is to support the conduct of Departmental research missions at SC laboratories by ensuring appropriate levels of protection against unauthorized access, theft, diversion, loss of custody, destruction of assets, and hostile acts that may cause adverse impacts on fundamental science, national security, the health and safety of DOE and contractor employees, the public, and the environment.

Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists._This program trains young scientists, engineers, and technicians in the scientifically and technically advanced environment of the SC national laboratories to meet the demand for a well-trained scientific and technical workforce. The program also funds the DOE Office of Science Graduate Fellowship program and sponsors the National Science Bowl, which annually involves more than 20,000 middle and high school students and 7,000 volunteers nationwide.

Program Direction._This program provides a highly skilled Federal workforce to develop and sustain world-class science programs that deliver the scientific discoveries and technological innovations needed to solve our nation's energy and environmental challenges and enable the U.S. to maintain its global competitiveness. The SC workforce is responsible for overseeing taxpayer dollars for science program development; program and project execution and management; the administrative, business, and technical management of research grants and contracts; the oversight of 10 of the 17 DOE national laboratories; and providing public access to DOE's R&D results.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)

Employment Summary

For necessary expenses in carrying out the activities authorized by section 5012 of the America COMPETES Act (Pub. L. No. 110–69), as amended, [$299,966,000]$550,011,000, to remain available until expended. Note.—A full-year 2011 appropriation for this account was not enacted at the time the budget was prepared; therefore, this account is operating under a continuing resolution (P.L. 111–242, as amended). The amounts included for 2011 reflect the annualized level provided by the continuing resolution.

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

Summary of Budget Authority and Outlays (in millions of dollars)

The Energy Transformation Acceleration Fund provides funding to implement the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) within the Department of Energy, as established by the America COMPETES Act of 2007 (Pub. L. No. 110–69). The mission of ARPA-E is to overcome the long-term and high-risk technological barriers to the development of energy technologies.

ARPA-E will facilitate initiatives to enhance the energy and economic security of the United States through the development of energy technologies, and ensure that the United States maintains a technological lead in developing and deploying advanced energy technologies. ARPA-E will identify and promote revolutionary advances in the fundamental sciences, translating scientific discoveries and cutting edge inventions into technological innovations. It will also accelerate transformational technological advances in areas that industry by itself is not likely to undertake because of technical and financial uncertainty. The role of ARPA-E is not to duplicate DOE's basic research and applied programs, but to focus on novel early-stage energy research with possible technology applications.

The President's Wireless Innovation and Infrastructure Initiative proposes to reallocate a total of 500 megahertz of Federal agency and commercial spectrum bands over the next 10 years in order to increase Americans access to wireless broadband. Repurposing spectrum will greatly facilitate access for smart phones, portable computers, and innovative technologies that are on the horizon. This effort will also enhance Americas public safety, infrastructure, and competitiveness by investing some of the expected auction receipts in the creation of a broadband network for public safety, expanding access to wireless broadband in rural America, and a Wireless Innovation (WIN) Fund to help develop cutting edge wireless technologies. As part of this initiative, ARPA-E will participate in the WIN Fund by supporting clean energy activities.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)

Employment Summary

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)

Employment Summary

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

For Department of Energy expenses including the purchase, construction, and acquisition of plant and capital equipment, and other expenses necessary for nuclear energy activities in carrying out the purposes of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7101 et seq.), including the acquisition or condemnation of any real property or any facility or for plant or facility acquisition, construction, or expansion, and the purchase of not more than [9]10 buses, all for replacement only, [$824,052,000] $754,028,000, to remain available until expended. Note.—A full-year 2011 appropriation for this account was not enacted at the time the budget was prepared; therefore, this account is operating under a continuing resolution (P.L. 111–242, as amended). The amounts included for 2011 reflect the annualized level provided by the continuing resolution.

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

The Office of Nuclear Energy funds a range of research and development activities as well as supports the Nation's nuclear facilities. The 2012 budget continues programmatic support for advanced reactor R&D activities; fuel cycle R&D dedicated to waste storage and management solutions; and the safe, environmentally compliant, and cost-effective operation of the Department's facilities vital to nuclear energy R&D activities. The Reactor Concepts Research, Development and Demonstration program will support new and ongoing R&D and other activities focused on innovative small modular reactors, the Next Generation Nuclear Plant, Light Water Reactor Sustainability, and other advanced reactor concepts. The Nuclear Energy Enabling Technologies (NEET) program will support R&D focused on a broad spectrum of nuclear energy issues that crosscut reactor types and fuel cycle issues, including materials, proliferation risk assessment, and advanced censors and instrumentation. This program will also support cutting-edge nuclear technology R&D across the full spectrum of nuclear energy issues to inspire creative solutions to the broad array of nuclear energy challenges. In 2012, funding for advanced modeling and simulation activities is included in NEET, along with National Scientific User Facility activities formerly requested under Idaho Facilities Management. Preliminary design and engineering for a domestic capability to produce plutonium-238 for use in radioisotope power systems required for certain National Aeronautics and Space Administration space missions and national security missions will be funded in 2012 as well. Safeguards and Security for Idaho National Laboratory is funded under the Other Defense Activities appropriation. In addition, the Office of Nuclear Energy will fund ongoing responsibilities under the Nuclear Waste Policy Act, including administration of the Nuclear Waste Fund and the Standard Contract, and will lead future waste management activities.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)

Employment Summary

For Department of Energy expenses including the purchase, construction, and acquisition of plant and capital equipment, and other expenses necessary for electricity delivery and energy reliability activities in carrying out the purposes of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7101 et seq.), including the acquisition or condemnation of any real property or any facility or for plant or facility acquisition, construction, or expansion, [$185,930,000]$237,717,000, to remain available until expended. Note.—A full-year 2011 appropriation for this account was not enacted at the time the budget was prepared; therefore, this account is operating under a continuing resolution (P.L. 111–242, as amended). The amounts included for 2011 reflect the annualized level provided by the continuing resolution.

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

The mission of the Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability (OE) is to lead national efforts to modernize the electric grid, enhance security and reliability of the energy infrastructure, and facilitate recovery from disruptions to the energy supply. This effort is accomplished through research, development, demonstration and technology transfer in areas such as smart grid, energy storage, transmission reliability, and cyber security of the electrical system; implementation of the electricity grid modernization requirements contained in the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (including the congestion study and analysis of potential National Interest Electric Transmission corridors as authorized by Section 1221) and the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007; technical assistance and analytical support to States and regions for policies, market mechanisms, and activities that facilitate competitive, reliable, environmentally sensitive, and customer-friendly electric markets; authorization for electricity exports and Presidential permits for cross-border transmission lines; energy power systems analysis; and coordinating and carrying out DOE Lead Sector Specific Agency responsibilities for protecting the Nation's critical energy infrastructure. Partnerships to engage industry, utilities, States, other Federal programs and agencies, universities, national laboratories, and other stakeholders in OE's efforts to ensure a more secure, reliable, efficient, and affordable national electricity supply will continue to be a key element of the program.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)

Employment Summary

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

This program supports non-defense related long-term stewardship activities (e.g., groundwater monitoring, disposal cell maintenance, and management of natural resources) at sites where active remediation has been completed. In addition, Legacy Management is responsible for the management and administration of pension and benefit continuity for contractor retirees at these sites. These activities are funded within the Other Defense Activities appropriation beginning in 2009.

For Department of Energy expenses including the purchase, construction, and acquisition of plant and capital equipment, and other expenses necessary for energy efficiency and renewable energy activities in carrying out the purposes of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7101 et seq.), including the acquisition or condemnation of any real property or any facility or for plant or facility acquisition, construction, or expansion, [$2,355,473,000]$3,200,053,000, to remain available until expended . Note.—A full-year 2011 appropriation for this account was not enacted at the time the budget was prepared; therefore, this account is operating under a continuing resolution (P.L. 111–242, as amended). The amounts included for 2011 reflect the annualized level provided by the continuing resolution.

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) programs undertake research, development, demonstration and deployment activities to advance technologies and related practices to help meet the growing global demand for clean, reliable, sustainable, and affordable energy services and to reduce energy consumption. EERE programs include:

Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies._This program aims to reduce petroleum use, greenhouse gas emissions, and criteria air pollutants, and to contribute to a more diverse and efficient energy infrastructure by enabling the widespread commercialization of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies.The program supports applied research, development, and demonstration of transformative advances in hydrogen and fuel cell technologies, as well as efforts to overcome economic and institutional barriers to their commercial deployment.

Biomass and Biorefinery Systems._This program funds research, development, and demonstration projects to validate and assist in the commercialization of integrated biorefinery technologies and the deployment of advanced biopower generation technologies that will catalyze and transform the nation's transportation and power system sectors. The program's activities include the development of biomass conversion technologies to produce a variety of biofuels, bioproducts, and biopower. The program also works to evaluate environmentally sustainable feedstocks and develop economically viable feedstock logistics systems to sustainably supply the biofuels industry.

Solar Energy._ The program's main objective is to achieve cost parity for solar electricity by 2015. To achieve this objective, the Photovoltaic subprogram collaborates with several industry-led consortia focusing on lowering costs through manufacturing and efficiency improvements. The Concentrating Solar Power subprogram is developing thermal storage and supporting systems research and optimization to provide baseload power on demand. Additionally, the Systems Integration and Market Transformation subprograms support cost goals by addressing grid integration issues and accelerating the deployment of solar technologies.

Wind Energy._This program develops technology in partnership with industry to improve the reliability and affordability of land-based and offshore wind energy systems. The program also supports wind resource assessments and modeling, advanced modeling, systems interconnection and integration to the electric transmission grid, and helps to reduce barriers to technology acceptance and its deployment and growth in the market.

Water Power._This program conducts research, development, validation testing and deployment of innovative water technologies to accelerate market penetration of cost-effective and environmentally responsible renewable power generation from water. This program also supports resource assessments, environmental studies, advanced modeling, and cost assessments aimed at demonstrating the viability, reducing market barriers and accelerating deployment of these innovative water technologies.

Geothermal Technologies._The program conducts research, development, and demonstration in partnership with industry, academia and the National Laboratories to discover new geothermal resources, develop innovative methods, and demonstrate high-impact technologies.

Vehicle Technologies._The program's R&D seeks technology breakthroughs that will enable the U.S. to greatly reduce highway transportation petroleum use and greenhouse gas emissions. The program focuses on a suite of technologies for transportation electrification- which include advanced batteries, power electronics, and electric motors for electric drive vehicles- as well as lightweight materials, advanced combustion engines, and non-petroleum fuels and lubricant technologies. This program also supports early demonstration, field validation and deployment of advanced technologies, efforts to reduce the vehicle miles traveled by the public, and higher-education programs for young engineers.

Building Technologies._In partnership with the buildings industry, the program develops, promotes, and integrates energy technologies and practices to make buildings more efficient and affordable. The Building Technologies Program accelerates the availability of highly efficient building technologies and practices through research and development; increases the minimum efficiency of buildings and equipment through the promotion of model building efficiency codes and the promulgation of national lighting and appliance standards; and encourages the use of energy-efficient and renewable energy technologies and practices in residential and commercial buildings through activities such as Better Buildings, the ENERGY STAR partnership with EPA, and the Builder's Challenge.

Industrial Technologies._ The program works to catalyze cost-effective transformation of the industrial energy sector of the U.S. economy by advancing R&D in innovative manufacturing technologies and next generation materials that will dramatically reduce industry's energy and carbon intensity. The program also leverages partnerships with state and local stakeholders, utilities, and universities to spur near-term energy savings in industry, encouraging superior energy performance, and train the next generation of energy engineers.

Federal Energy Management Program._ This program enables the Federal Government to meet the relevant energy, water, greenhouse gas, and transportation goals of existing legislation and Executive Orders by providing interagency coordination, technical expertise, training, financing resources and contracting support.

Facilities and Infrastructure._Supports EERE's technology program efforts to transform the Nation's energy systems by providing funding for the National Renewable Energy Laboratory for general plant projects, maintenance and repair, general purpose equipment, upgrades to accommodate new research requirements, and safeguards and security operations.

Weatherization and Intergovernmental Program._The program supports clean energy deployment in partnership with State, local, U.S. Territory, and Tribal governments. The State Energy Program provides technical and financial resources to States to help them address issues in utility, renewable energy, and building code policies. Funding also supports energy efficiency and renewable energy projects that meet local needs. The Tribal Energy Program supports feasibility assessments and development of implementation plans for clean energy projects on Tribal lands. The Weatherization Assistance Program lowers energy use and costs for low income families by supporting energy efficient home retrofits through state-managed networks of local weatherization providers. The 2012 Budget also continues support for the Innovations in Weatherization activity to demonstrate new ways to increase the number of homes weatherized in partnership with non-traditional weatherization providers.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)

Employment Summary

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)