DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

Federal Funds

For necessary expenses of the Office of the Administrator in the National Nuclear Security Administration, including official reception and representation expenses not to exceed $12,000, [$410,000,000] $411,279,000, to remain available until September 30, [2013] 2014. (Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2012.)

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

Office of the Administrator._This account provides the Federal salaries and other expenses of the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) staff, including the Federal personnel for Weapons Activities and Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation, the Administrator's direct staff, and Federal employees at the Albuquerque Complex and site offices. The Office of the Administrator creates a well-managed, inclusive, responsive, and accountable organization through the strategic management of human capital and greater integration of budget and performance data. Program direction for Naval Reactors is within that program's account, and program direction for Secure Transportation Asset is within the Weapons Activities account.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)

Employment Summary

For Department of Energy expenses necessary for naval reactors activities to carry out the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7101 et seq.), including the acquisition (by purchase, condemnation, construction, or otherwise) of real property, plant, and capital equipment, facilities, and facility expansion, [$1,080,000,000] $1,088,635,000, to remain available until expended: Provided, That [$40,000,000] $43,212,000 shall be available until September 30, [2013] 2014 for program direction. (Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2012.)

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

Naval Reactors._This account funds all naval nuclear propulsion work. It begins with reactor technology development, continues through reactor operation, and ends with reactor plant disposal. The program ensures the safe and reliable operation of reactor plants in nuclear-powered submarines and aircraft carriers (constituting 40 percent of the Navy's combatants), and fulfills the Navy's requirements for new nuclear propulsion plants that meet current and future national defense requirements.
Due to the crucial nature of nuclear reactor work, Naval Reactors is a centrally managed organization. Federal employees oversee and set policies/procedures for developing new reactor plants and operating existing nuclear plants and the facilities that support these plants.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)

Employment Summary

For Department of Energy expenses, including the purchase, construction, and acquisition of plant and capital equipment and other incidental expenses necessary for atomic energy defense weapons activities in carrying out the purposes of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7101 et seq.), including the acquisition or condemnation of any real property or any facility or for plant or facility acquisition, construction, or expansion, and the purchase of not to exceed one ambulance, [and one aircraft; $7,233,997,000] $7,577,341,000, to remain available until expended[: Provided, That of such amount not more than $89,425,000 may be made available for the B-61 Life Extension Program until the Administrator of the National Nuclear Security Administration submits to the Committees on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Senate a final report on the Phase 6.2a design definition and cost study]. (Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2012.)

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

Programs funded within the Weapons Activities appropriation support the nation's current and future defense posture, and its attendant nationwide infrastructure of science, technology and engineering capabilities. Weapons Activities provides for the maintenance and refurbishment of nuclear weapons to sustain confidence in their safety, reliability, and performance; expansion of scientific, engineering, and manufacturing capabilities to enable certification of the enduring nuclear weapons stockpile; and manufacture of nuclear weapon components . Weapons Activities also provides for continued maintenance and investment in the nuclear security enterprise to be more responsive and cost effective. The major elements of the program include the following:

Directed Stockpile Work._Encompasses all activities that directly support the nuclear weapons stockpile. These activities include: maintenance and surveillance; planned refurbishment; reliability assessment; weapon dismantlement and disposal; and research, development, and certification technology efforts to meet stockpile requirements.

Campaigns._Focuses on scientific, technical, and engineering efforts to develop and maintain critical capabilities and tools needed to support science based stockpile stewardship, refurbishment and continued certification of the stockpile over the long-term in the absence of underground nuclear testing.

Readiness in Technical Base and Facilities._Provides the underlying physical infrastructure and operational readiness for the nuclear security enterprise, ensuring that facilities are operational, safe, secure, and compliant with regulatory requirements, and sustaining a defined level of readiness at all NNSA facilities.

Secure Transportation Asset._Provides for the safe, secure movement of nuclear weapons, special nuclear material, and weapon components to meet projected DOE, Department of Defense (DOD), and other customer requirements. The Program Direction in this account provides for the secure transportation workforce, including the Federal agents .

Nuclear Counterterrorism Incident Response._Manages strategically placed people and equipment to provide a technically trained response to nuclear or radiological incidents worldwide, mitigates nuclear or radiological threats through research and development, and provides interagency training and support to the Nation from the threat of nuclear terrorism.

Facilities and Infrastructure Recapitalization._Addresses an integrated, prioritized series of repair and infrastructure projects focusing on elimination of legacy deferred maintenance in order to increase operational efficiency and cost effectiveness. The program is scheduled to conclude in 2012.

Site Stewardship._Ensures the overall health and viability of necessary site-wide infrastructure to support NNSA, DOE, and other national missions, with a focus on maintaining environmental compliance, achieving energy efficiency, dispositioning nuclear materials, and establishing a new standardized corporate project management enterprise.

Defense Nuclear Security._Provides protection for NNSA personnel, facilities, and nuclear weapons from a full spectrum of threats, most notably terrorism. Provides for all safeguards and security requirements including protective forces and systems at all NNSA sites.

NNSA Chief Information Officer Activities._ Provides for research and development of information technology and cyber security solutions such as identity, credential, and access management to help meet energy security, proliferation resistance, and climate goals.

National Security Applications._Supports leadership in science and technology to serve national security needs by making strategic technical investments which utilize the science, technology and engineering capabilities and infrastructure of the nuclear security enterprise.
NNSA's request reflects the partnership between NNSA and the DOD to maintain and modernize the nuclear deterrent. DOD's NNSA Program Support account has the amounts for Weapons Activities that are shown in the table below underscoring the close link between these activities and DOD nuclear weapons-related requirements and missions. OMB will ensure that future budget year allocations to NNSA occur in the required amounts. Total Weapons Activities funding for each year will thereby equal the amounts projected in the table below with the amounts above.

Department of Defense Support for Weapons Activities (in millions)

OMB will ensure that the following additional allocations from DOD occur as planned for Naval Reactors: FY 2014, $2 million and FY 2015, $1 million.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)

Employment Summary

For Department of Energy expenses, including the purchase, construction, and acquisition of plant and capital equipment and other incidental expenses necessary for defense nuclear nonproliferation activities, in carrying out the purposes of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7101 et seq.), including the acquisition or condemnation of any real property or any facility or for plant or facility acquisition, construction, or expansion, and the purchase of not to exceed one passenger motor vehicle for replacement only, [$2,324,303,000] $2,458,631,000, to remain available until expended[: Provided, That of the unobligated balances available under this heading, $21,000,000 are hereby rescinded: Provided further, That no amounts may be rescinded from amounts that were designated by the Congress as an emergency requirement pursuant to the Concurrent Resolution on the Budget or the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985]. (Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2012.)

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

Programs funded within the Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation appropriation account support the mission to: 1) prevent the spread of materials, technology, and expertise relating to weapons of mass destruction (WMD); 2) advance the technologies to detect the proliferation of WMD worldwide; and 3) eliminate or secure inventories of surplus materials and infrastructure usable for nuclear weapons. The programs address the danger that hostile nations or terrorist groups may acquire WMD or weapons-usable material, dual-use production technology, or WMD expertise. The major elements of the program include the following:

Nonproliferation and Verification Research and Development (R&D)._This program reduces the threat to national security posed by nuclear weapons proliferation/detonation or the illicit trafficking of nuclear materials through the long-term development of new and novel technology including treaty monitoring and verification capabilities. Using the unique facilities and scientific skills of NNSA and DOE national laboratories and plants, in partnership with industry and academia, the R&D program conducts research and development that supports nonproliferation mission requirements to close technology gaps identified through close interaction with NNSA and other United States (U.S.) Government agencies. It meets unique challenges and plays an important role in the Federal Government by developing new technologies applicable to nonproliferation, homeland security, and national security needs.

Nonproliferation and International Security (NIS)._The NIS mission is to prevent and counter the proliferation of WMD, including materials, technologies, and expertise, by states and non-state actors. The program provides policy and technical support for nonproliferation and associated treaties and agreements, domestic and international legal and regulatory controls, and diplomatic and counter-proliferation initiatives, and through cooperation with international organizations and foreign partners on export controls, safeguards, and security. The program makes vital contributions to strengthen international security and the nuclear nonproliferation regime in four main areas: (1) Nuclear Safeguards and Security, (2) Nuclear Controls, (3) Nuclear Verification, and (4) Nonproliferation Policy. The NIS program safeguards nuclear material to ensure it is not diverted for non-peaceful uses; controls the spread of WMD material, technology and expertise; and verifies nuclear reductions and programs.

International Nuclear Materials Protection and Cooperation (INMP&C)._ The INMP&C program supports one of the President's top priorities to lead a global effort to secure all nuclear weapons materials at vulnerable sites within four years — the most effective way to prevent terrorists from acquiring a nuclear bomb. INMP&C prevents nuclear terrorism by working in Russia and other regions of concern to 1) secure and eliminate vulnerable nuclear weapons and weapons exploitable materials, and 2) sustain detection equipment at international crossing points and Megaports to prevent and detect the illicit transfer of nuclear material. The program continues to improve the security of nuclear material and nuclear warheads in Russia and other countries of proliferation concern by installing Material, Protection, Control and Accounting (MPC&A) upgrades and providing sustainability support to sites with previously installed MPC&A upgrades. Reducing the potential for diversion of nuclear warheads and nuclear materials has been a critical priority for the United States. The United States, through DOE/NNSA's Second Line of Defense program, will continue to work with international partners to prevent nuclear smuggling through border crossings, airports, seaports, and within borders.

Fissile Materials Disposition._The program goal is to eliminate surplus Russian weapons-grade plutonium and surplus U.S. weapons-grade plutonium and highly enriched uranium. These disposition activities are concrete steps towards the President's vision of a world without nuclear weapons and are consistent with the President's international nonproliferation and arms control obligations. The program focuses U.S. efforts to downblend surplus U.S. highly enriched uranium (HEU) and to implement the Plutonium Management and Disposition Agreement between the United States and Russia, which commits both countries to dispose of no less than 34 metric tons of surplus weapons-grade plutonium—enough for 8,000 nuclear weapons.

Global Threat Reduction Initiative (GTRI)._The GTRI mission is to reduce and protect vulnerable nuclear and radiological materials located at civilian sites worldwide. GTRI directly supports the international effort to secure all vulnerable nuclear material around the world within four years, as well as objectives defined at the Moscow Summit in July 2009 concerning material removal and conversion of research reactors. GTRI supports DOE's Strategic Plan Goal to Reduce Global Nuclear Dangers by preventing terrorists from acquiring nuclear and radiological materials that could be used in WMD or acts of terrorism by: 1) Converting research reactors and isotope production facilities from the use of HEU to low enriched uranium, 2) Removing and disposing of excess nuclear and radiological materials, and 3) Protecting high-priority nuclear and radiological materials from theft and sabotage. These three key aspects of GTRI—convert, remove, and protect—together provide a comprehensive approach to achieving its mission and denying terrorists access to nuclear and radiological materials.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)

Cerro Grande Fire Activities._ Emergency funding was provided in 2000 and 2001 for restoration activities at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico after the Cerro Grande Fire in May 2000.

Federal Funds

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

For Department of Energy expenses, including the purchase, construction, and acquisition of plant and capital equipment and other expenses necessary for atomic energy defense environmental cleanup activities in carrying out the purposes of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7101 et seq.), including the acquisition or condemnation of any real property or any facility or for plant or facility acquisition, construction, or expansion, and the purchase of not to exceed one ambulance and one fire truck for replacement only, [$5,023,000,000] $5,009,001,000, to remain available until expended: Provided, That [$321,628,000] $323,504,000 shall be available until September 30, [2013] 2014 for program direction. (Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2012.)

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

Summary of Budget Authority and Outlays (in millions of dollars)

The Defense Environmental Cleanup program is responsible for identifying and reducing risks and managing waste at sites where the Department carried out defense-related nuclear research and production activities that resulted in radioactive, hazardous, and mixed waste contamination requiring remediation, stabilization, or some other type of cleanup action. The budget displays the cleanup program by site.

Closure Sites._Funds post-closure administration costs after physical completion.

Hanford Site._Funds the Hanford site cleanup and environmental restoration to protect the Columbia River. The Hanford site cleanup is managed by two Environmental Management (EM) site offices: the Richland Operations Office and the Office of River Protection.
The Richland Office is responsible for cleanup of most of the geographic area on the Hanford site. In 2013, the Richland site projects are displayed in three separate control points (Central Plateau Remediation, River Corridor and Other Cleanup Operations, and Richland Community and Regulatory Support). The primary cleanup focus is the safe storage, treatment and disposal of Hanford's legacy wastes and environmental restoration. Risk to the public, workers, and the environment will be reduced by removing contamination before it migrates to the Columbia River.
The Office of River Protection on the Hanford site is responsible for the storage, retrieval, treatment, immobilization, and disposal of tank waste and the operation, maintenance, engineering, and construction activities in the 200 Area Tank Farms. Its budget has two components, the operation and maintenance of radioactive liquid waste tank farms and construction of the Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant.

Idaho._Funds the Idaho Cleanup Project, which is aimed at reducing the risk of contamination reaching the Snake River Plain Aquifer from nuclear and hazardous waste buried or stored on-site. It also funds efforts to eliminate infrastructure costs by conducting cleanup operations to reduce the site "footprint"; and treat and dispose of the sodium bearing tank wastes, close tank farms, perform initial tank soils remediation work. In 2013, the Idaho projects are displayed in two separate control points (Idaho Cleanup and Waste Disposition and Idaho Community and Regulatory Support).

NNSA Sites._Funds the safe and efficient cleanup of the environmental legacy at National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) sites including Los Alamos National Laboratory, Nevada National Security Site, Sandia, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, and the Separations Process Research Unit. The cleanup strategy is a risk-based approach that focuses first on those contaminant plumes and sources that are the greatest contributors to risk. The overall goal is first to ensure that risks to the public and workers are controlled, then to clean up soil and groundwater using a risk-based methodology. NNSA is responsible for long-term stewardship of its sites after physical cleanup is completed.

Oak Ridge._Funds defense-related cleanup of the three facilities that make up the Oak Ridge Reservation: the East Tennessee Technology Park, the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and the Y-12 Plant. The overall cleanup strategy is based on surface water considerations, encompassing five distinct watersheds that feed the Clinch River. Cleanup actions will contain that waste; improve on-site surface water quality to meet required standards; and protect off-site users of the Clinch River. In 2013, the Oak Ridge projects are displayed in three separate control points (Oak Ridge Cleanup and Disposition, Oak Ridge Nuclear Facility D&D, and Oak Ridge Community and Regulatory Support).

Savannah River Site._Funds the safe stabilization, treatment, and disposition of legacy nuclear materials, spent nuclear fuel, and waste at the Savannah River site. In 2013, the Savannah River projects are displayed in three separate control points (Radioactive Liquid Waste Stabilization and Disposition, Site Risk Management Operations, and Savannah River Community and Regulatory Support). The Savannah River cleanup strategy has four primary objectives: 1) eliminate the highest risks first through safe stabilization, treatment, and disposition of EM-owned nuclear materials, spent nuclear fuel, and waste; 2) significantly reduce costs of continuing operations and surveillance and maintenance; 3) decommission all EM-owned facilities; and 4) remediate groundwater and contaminated soils, using an area closure approach.

Waste Isolation Pilot Plant._Funds the world's first permitted deep geologic repository for the permanent disposal of radioactive waste, and the Nation's only disposal site for defense-generated transuranic waste. The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, managed by the Carlsbad Field Office, is an operating facility, supporting the cleanup of transuranic waste from waste generator and storage sites. The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant is crucial to the Department of Energy (DOE) completing its cleanup and closure mission.

Program Direction._Funds the Federal workforce responsible for the overall direction and administrative support of the EM program, including both Headquarters and field personnel.

Program Support._ Funds Headquarters policy and oversight activities including management and direction for various crosscutting EM and DOE initiatives; establishment and implementation of national and departmental policy; and analyses and integration activities across the DOE complex in a consistent, responsible, and efficient manner.

Safeguards and Security._Funds activities to protect against unauthorized access, theft, diversion, loss of custody or destruction of Department of Energy assets and hostile acts that may cause adverse impacts on fundamental national security or the health and safety of Department of Energy and contractor employees, the public or the environment.

Technology Development and Deployment._Funds projects to address the immediate, near- and long-term technology needs identified by the EM sites, enabling them to accelerate their cleanup schedules, treat orphaned wastes, improve worker safety, and provide technical foundations for the sites' end state visions. Specific focus is to mature and deploy the necessary technologies to accelerate tank waste processing, treatment, and waste loading.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)

Employment Summary

Contingent upon the enactment of legislation reauthorizing the Uranium Enrichment Decontamination and Decommissioning Fund, $463,000,000, which shall be transferred to "Uranium Enrichment Decontamination and Decommissioning Fund".

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

The Administration will submit legislation to reauthorize section 1802 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2297g-1) to reinstate a special assessment on domestic utilities, as well as allow for additional Federal deposits into the Fund. This authorizing legislation would direct that receipts resulting from the reinstatement of the assessment be deposited into the Uranium Enrichment Decontamination and Decommissioning Fund. The amount collected from industry for a fiscal year would total no more than $200,000,000 (to be annually adjusted for inflation using the Consumer Price Index for all-urban consumers published by the Department of Labor), and annual deposits from both industry and the Federal government would total no more than $663,000,000 (also adjusted for inflation), with the remainder above the industry assessment to come from appropriated funds from the Defense Environmental Cleanup account. This proposal reflects the ongoing need to decontaminate, decommission, and remediate the uranium processing facilities, and the shared responsibility of both industry and the Federal government for these costs.

For Department of Energy expenses, including the purchase, construction, and acquisition of plant and capital equipment and other expenses, necessary for atomic energy defense, other defense activities, and classified activities, in carrying out the purposes of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7101 et seq.), including the acquisition or condemnation of any real property or any facility or for plant or facility acquisition, construction, or expansion, [and the purchase of not to exceed 10 passenger motor vehicles for replacement only, $823,364,000] $735,702,000, to remain available until expended: Provided, That [$114,086,000] $124,445,000 shall be available until September 30, [2013] 2014, for program direction. (Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2012.)

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

Health, Safety and Security._The Office of Health, Safety and Security (HSS) supports the Secretary's mission-related objectives by strengthening the Department's health, safety, environment, and security programs to enhance productivity while maintaining the highest standards of safe operation, protection of national assets, and environmental sustainability. HSS functions include: policy and guidance development and technical assistance; analysis of health, safety, environment, and security performance; nuclear safety; domestic and international health studies; medical screening programs for former workers; Energy Employee Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act support; quality assurance programs; safety and security professional development and training; interface with the Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board; national security information programs; security for the Department's facilities and personnel in the National Capital Area; independent oversight of security, cyber security, emergency management, environment, safety, and health performance; and worker safety, nuclear safety, and classified information security enforcement programs.

Office of Specialized Security Activities._The program, now separate from HSS, supports national security related analyses requiring highly specialized skills and capabilities.

Office of Legacy Management._The programs support long-term stewardship activities (e.g., groundwater monitoring, disposal cell maintenance, records management, and management of natural resources) at sites where active remediation has been completed. In addition, Legacy Management is responsible for the management and administration of pension and benefit continuity for contractor retirees at these sites.

Office of Hearings and Appeals._ The Office of Hearings and Appeals adjudicates personnel security cases, as well as whistleblower reprisal complaints filed by DOE contractor employees. The Office is the appeal authority in various other areas, including Freedom of Information Act and Privacy Act appeals. In addition, the Office decides requests for exception from DOE orders, rules, regulations, and is responsible for the DOE's alternative dispute resolution function.

All Other._Obligations are included for defense-related administrative support. Idaho site-wide safeguards and security activities are requested in the Nuclear Energy account for 2013.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)

Employment Summary

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

In FY 2010, the Department closed the Yucca Mountain Project and the Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management (RW). Related activities that were performed by RW are now being performed elsewhere in the Department.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)

Federal Funds

For Department of Energy expenses including the purchase, construction, and acquisition of plant and capital equipment, and other expenses necessary for science activities in carrying out the purposes of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7101 et seq.), including the acquisition or condemnation of any real property or facility or for plant or facility acquisition, construction, or expansion, and purchase of not more than [49] 25 passenger motor vehicles for replacement only, including one ambulance and one bus, [$4,889,000,000] $4,992,052,000, to remain available until expended: Provided, That [$185,000,000] $202,551,000 shall be available until September 30, [2013] 2014 for program direction. (Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2012.)

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

High Energy Physics._The high energy physics (HEP) program aims to understand how our universe works at its most fundamental level by discovering the most elementary constituents of matter and energy, probing the interactions between them, and exploring the basic nature of space and time itself. The program encompasses both experimental and theoretical particle physics research and related advanced accelerator and detector technology research and development (R&D). The primary mode of experimental research involves the study of collisions of energetic particles using large particle accelerators or colliding beam facilities.
In addition to contributing to breakthrough scientific discoveries, HEP research also makes major contributions to accelerator technology development and provides the expertise necessary for the expansion of such technology into medicine, industry, and homeland security, as well as materials, biology, and chemistry research using light sources. HEP is preparing an accelerator strategic plan that will define the HEP stewardship role for accelerator R&D by explaining how input will be solicited from outside HEP and how HEP sponsored research benefits other programs. One notable recent example is the Linac Coherent Light Source, now operating at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory: the concept and proof-of-principle for this state-of-the-art basic energy sciences facility grew out of particle accelerator technology developed for the HEP program.
The HEP request also supports the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) research program, including support for software and computing, pre-operations and maintenance of the U.S. built systems that are part of the LHC detectors, and accelerator commissioning and accelerator physics studies using the LHC.

Nuclear Physics._The nuclear physics (NP) program provides new insights into and advances understanding of the evolution and structure of nuclear matter. The program focuses on three broad but highly related research frontiers: strong interactions among quarks and gluons (quantum chromodynamics) and how they assemble into the various forms of matter; the structure of atomic nuclei at their limits of existence and nuclear astrophysics to address the origin of the elements and the evolution of the cosmos; and development of a new Standard Model of fundamental interactions and understanding of its implications for the origin of matter and the properties of neutrinos and nuclei. NP develops the scientific knowledge, technologies, and trained workforce needed to underpin DOE's applied missions and is inherently relevant to a broad suite of applications that are important to the Nation. The advancement of knowledge of nuclear matter and its properties is intertwined with nuclear power, nuclear medicine, national security, environmental and geological sciences, and isotope production.
As NP develops plans for a sustainable portfolio of future facilities, the request continues support of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory to characterize new states of matter and phenomena that occur in hot, dense nuclear matter; the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility to understand the substructure of the nucleon; and the Argonne Tandem Linear Accelerator System at Argonne National Laboratory for the study of nuclear structure and nuclear astrophysics. Construction continues on the 12 GeV CEBAF Upgrade project to double the electron beam energy at CEBAF, which will open the opportunity for new discoveries and an understanding of quark confinement. Efforts also continue for the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams and the development of the neutron program at the Fundamental Neutron Physics Beamline at the Spallation Neutron Source. The Isotope Development and Production for Research and Applications program will continue to develop and produce commercial and research radioisotopes that are provided to medical institutions, universities, research organizations, and industry for a wide array of uses and applications.

Biological and Environmental Research._This program addresses diverse and critical global challenges, from the sustainable and affordable production of renewable biofuels in an environmentally conscientious manner to the simulation and prediction of climate change and greenhouse gas emissions relevant to energy production and technology use. The science portfolio examines complex biological, climatic, and environmental systems across spatial and temporal scales ranging from sub-cellular to global, individual molecules to entire ecosystems, and nanoseconds to millennia. Multidisciplinary, predictive systems approaches are employed to study dynamic biological interactions from the subcellular molecular level to large scale processes performed by complex plant and microbial communities. The program plays a vital role in supporting research examining atmospheric processes, climate change and its impacts warmer temperatures, changes in precipitation, increased levels of greenhouse gases, changing distributions of weather extremes on different ecosystems. The program also seeks understanding of the critical role that biogeochemical processes play in controlling the cycling and mobility of materials in the Earths subsurface and across key surface-subsurface interfaces in the environment.
The budget continues support for key core research areas and scientific user facilities in bioenergy and climate and environmental research. The Bioenergy Research Centers continue to address the fundamental science underpinning the development of cost-effective cellulosic biofuels. Increased genomic sciences investments target the development of synthetic biology tools and technologies and integrative analysis of experimental datasets, building upon large scale genome sequencing and analysis performed at the Joint Genome Institute. Observational research on clouds and aerosols at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility increases to improve understanding of the priority climatic sensitive regions of the Arctic and tropics, and modeling efforts will shift their emphasis from global scale dynamics to higher resolution scale interactions for these priority regions.

Basic Energy Sciences._The basic energy sciences (BES) program supports fundamental research in material sciences, chemistry, geosciences, and aspects of biosciences to understand, predict, and ultimately control matter and energy at the electronic, atomic, and molecular levels. BES core research awards permit individual scientists and small groups to pursue discovery driven research interests with broad energy relevance. BES also supports two innovative approaches to integrated research: Energy Frontier Research Centers and Energy Innovation Hubs. The Energy Frontier Research Centers support multi-year, multi-investigator scientific collaborations focused on overcoming hurdles in basic science that block transformational discoveries. The Energy Innovation Hubs establish larger, highly integrated teams working to solve priority technology challenges.
The BES program operates large national user research facilities: a complementary set of intense x-ray sources, neutron scattering centers, electron beam characterization capabilities, and research centers for nanoscale science. These facilities probe materials in space, time, and energy at resolutions that can investigate the inner workings of matter to answer some of the most challenging grand science questions. The request includes continued support to maintain utilization of and provide instrumentation for these state-of-the-art national user facilities. Research areas that will benefit from the facilities funding include structural biology, materials science, superconductor technology, and biomedical research and technology development. The request supports continued funding for construction of the National Synchrotron Light Source II at Brookhaven National Laboratory, which will provide laser-like radiation 10 billion times the peak brightness of any existing x-ray light source.

Fusion Energy Sciences._The fusion energy sciences (FES) program focuses on developing the scientific basis for fusion energy. Burning plasma science, control of the plasma state required for attractive fusion energy, plasma-material interfaces, and harnessing fusion power are the four themes being addressed for the purposes of magnetic fusion research. FES supports the construction and development of the research program for ITER, an international experiment that will test many theories underpinning our understanding of burning plasmas magnetic fusion. An essential element of the FES program is the invention of advanced measurement techniques to ascertain the properties of plasma and its surroundings at the level required to test, challenge, and advance theoretical models. This validation forms the foundation of computational tools used to understand and predict the behavior of natural and human-made plasmas systems, including burning plasmas for fusion energy.
FES funds the U.S. contributions to the ITER Project in collaboration with the European Union (EU), Japan, Russia, Korea, China, and India. In FY 2013 FES will operate two major research facilities (DIII-D and the National Spherical Torus Experiment) to develop a more complete understanding of the physics of magnetically confined plasma and carry out research relevant to the success of ITER. The FES program also provides support for basic research in plasma science in partnership with the National Science Foundation; basic research in fusion science with university, private sector, and DOE laboratory engagement; and the study of high energy density laboratory plasmas through a joint program with the National Nuclear Security Administration.

Advanced Scientific Computing Research._This program supports advanced computational research, applied mathematics, computer science, and networking. The program also supports the development, maintenance, and operation of large high performance computing and network facilities including leadership computing facilities at the Oak Ridge and Argonne National Laboratories, the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Facility at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and the Energy Sciences Network. The request includes research, in partnership with other science programs, on the application of high performance computer simulation and modeling to science problems. Research will continue to focus on coordinated efforts to address the fundamental changes taking place in the computing industry to deliver on the promise of hybrid, multi-core computing systems up to the exascale. New efforts will address the challenges of data-intensive science including the massive quantities of data generated by Office of Science facilities and collaborations. ASCR efforts will consider and integrate the full spectrum of this challenge from hardware to applications.

Science Laboratories Infrastructure._The mission of this program is to support scientific and technological innovation at Office of Science (SC) laboratories by funding mission-ready infrastructure necessary to support world leadership by the SC national laboratories in basic scientific research. The request continues funding for construction projects and infrastructure support that is ensuring the mission readiness of the laboratories.

Safeguards and Security._The mission of this program is to support the conduct of Departmental research missions at SC laboratories by ensuring appropriate levels of protection against unauthorized access, theft, diversion, loss of custody, destruction of assets, and hostile acts that may have adverse impacts on fundamental science, national security, the health and safety of DOE and contractor employees, the public, and the environment.

Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists._This program trains young scientists, engineers, and technicians in the scientifically and technically advanced environment of the SC national laboratories. The program also sponsors the National Science Bowl, which annually involves more than 20,000 middle and high school students and 7,000 volunteers nationwide.

Program Direction._This program provides a highly skilled Federal workforce to develop and sustain world-class science programs that deliver the scientific discoveries and technological innovations needed to solve our nation's energy and environmental challenges and enable the U.S. to maintain its global competitiveness. The SC workforce is responsible for overseeing taxpayer dollars for science program development; program and project execution and management; managing the administrative, business, and technical aspects of research grants and contracts; overseeing 10 of the 17 DOE national laboratories; and providing public access to DOE's R&D results.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)

Employment Summary

For necessary expenses in carrying out the activities authorized by section 5012 of the America COMPETES Act (Public Law 110–69), as amended, [$275,000,000] $350,000,000 to remain available until expended: Provided, That [$20,000,000] $25,000,000 shall be available until September 30, [2013] 2014 for program direction. (Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2012.)

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

The Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) within the Department of Energy was established by the America COMPETES Act of 2007 (Pub. L. No. 110–69), as amended. The mission of ARPA-E is to overcome the long-term and high-risk technological barriers to the development of new energy technologies.

ARPA-E will facilitate initiatives to enhance the energy and economic security of the United States through the development of new energy technologies and ensure that the United States maintains a technological lead in developing and deploying advanced energy technologies. ARPA-E will identify and promote revolutionary advances in energy-related applied sciences, translating scientific discoveries and cutting edge inventions into technological innovations. It will also accelerate transformational technological advances in areas where industry by itself is not likely to invest due to technical and financial uncertainty. The role of ARPA-E is not to duplicate DOE's basic research and applied programs but to focus on novel early-stage energy research and development with technology applications.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)

Employment Summary

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

For Department of Energy expenses including the purchase, construction, and acquisition of plant and capital equipment, and other expenses necessary for nuclear energy activities in carrying out the purposes of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7101 et seq.), including the acquisition or condemnation of any real property or any facility or for plant or facility acquisition, construction, or expansion, and the purchase of not more than 10 buses and 2 ambulances, all for replacement only, [$768,663,000] $770,445,000, to remain available until expended, of which $10,000,000 shall be derived from the Nuclear Waste Fund: Provided, That [$91,000,000], of the amount made available under this heading, $90,015,000 shall be available until September 30, [2013] 2014, for program direction. (Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2012.)

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

The Office of Nuclear Energy funds a range of research and development activities as well as supports the Nation's nuclear facilities. The 2013 budget continues programmatic support for advanced reactor R&D activities; fuel cycle R&D dedicated to waste management solutions, including R&D on storage, transportation, and disposal that supports the implementation of recommendations put forward by the Blue Ribbon Commission on America's Nuclear Future; and the safe, environmentally compliant, and cost-effective operation of the Department's facilities vital to nuclear energy R&D activities. The Reactor Concepts Research, Development and Demonstration program will support new and ongoing R&D and other activities focused on innovative small modular reactors, the Next Generation Nuclear Plant, Light Water Reactor Sustainability, and other advanced reactor concepts. The Nuclear Energy Enabling Technologies (NEET) program will support R&D focused on a broad spectrum of nuclear energy issues that crosscut reactor types and fuel cycle issues, including materials, proliferation risk assessment, and advanced censors and instrumentation. The budget will also support cutting-edge nuclear technology R&D across the full spectrum of nuclear energy issues to inspire creative solutions to the broad array of nuclear energy challenges. In 2013, funding for advanced modeling and simulation activities is included in NEET, along with National Scientific User Facility activities. Safeguards and Security for Idaho National Laboratory, previously included within the Other Defense Activities appropriation, is requested within the Nuclear Energy appropriation starting in FY 2013. In addition, the Office of Nuclear Energy will continue to fund ongoing responsibilities under the Nuclear Waste Policy Act, including administration of the Nuclear Waste Fund and the Standard Contract, and will lead future waste management activities.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)

Employment Summary

For Department of Energy expenses including the purchase, construction, and acquisition of plant and capital equipment, and other expenses necessary for electricity delivery and energy reliability activities in carrying out the purposes of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7101 et seq.), including the acquisition or condemnation of any real property or any facility or for plant or facility acquisition, construction, or expansion, [$139,500,000] $143,015,000, to remain available until expended: Provided, That [$27,010,000] $27,615,000 shall be available until September 30, [2013] 2014 for program direction. (Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2012.)

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

The mission of the Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability (OE) is to lead national efforts to modernize the electricity grid, enhance security and reliability of the energy infrastructure, and facilitate recovery from disruptions to the energy supply. In fulfilling its mission, OE emphasizes partnerships to engage industry, utilities, States, other Federal programs and agencies, universities, national laboratories, and other stakeholders in each of its programs. OE programs include:

Research and Development (R&D).—The R&D program performs applied research and development activities aimed at bringing to market innovative technologies that improve the reliability, flexibility, efficiency, security and functionality of the electricity grid. The program promotes the transition to an efficient, "smart" electricity system through the development of smart grid technologies, tools, and techniques; grid-scale energy storage systems; and next-generation control systems that reduce the risk of energy disruptions due to cyber events. In FY 2013, funding is included for the new Electricity Systems Hub, which will address the basic science, technology, economic, and policy issues that affect our ability to achieve a seamless and modernized grid.

Permitting, Siting, and Analysis (PSA).—The PSA program works with states and regions to improve policies, state laws, and programs that facilitate the growth of modern electricity infrastructure and bring new energy technologies to market. The program implements the electricity grid modernization requirements contained in the Energy Policy Act of 2005 and the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007, and authorizes the export of electric energy and processes permits for the construction of transmission infrastructure across international borders.

Infrastructure Security and Energy Restoration (ISER).—The ISER program secures the U.S. energy infrastructure against hazards, reduces the impact of disruptive events, and assists industry in quickly restoring power after an event. ISER serves as the Federal government's focal point in responding to energy security emergencies, and improves national energy security by addressing energy infrastructure interdependencies based on risk and consequences.

Program Direction.—Program Direction provides for the costs associated with the federal workforce and contractor services that support OE's mission. These costs include salaries, benefits, travel, training, building occupancy, IT systems, and other related expenses.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)

Employment Summary

For Department of Energy expenses including the purchase, construction, and acquisition of plant and capital equipment, and other expenses necessary for energy efficiency and renewable energy activities in carrying out the purposes of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7101 et seq.), including the acquisition or condemnation of any real property or any facility or for plant or facility acquisition, construction, or expansion, [$1,825,000,000] $2,337,000,000, to remain available until expended: Provided, That [$165,000,000] $164,700,000 shall be available until September 30, [2013] 2014 for program direction: [Provided further, That for the purposes of allocating weatherization assistance funds appropriated by this Act to States and tribes, the Secretary of Energy may waive the allocation formula established pursuant to section 414(a) of the Energy Conservation and Production Act (42 U.S.C. 6864(a)): Provided further, That of the unobligated balances available under this heading, $9,909,000 are hereby rescinded: Provided further, That no amounts may be rescinded from amounts that were designated by the Congress as an emergency requirement pursuant to the Concurrent Resolution on the Budget or the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985] Provided further, That, of the amount provided under this heading, the Secretary may transfer up to $100,000,000 to the Defense Production Act Fund for activities of the Department of Energy pursuant to the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. App. 2061, et seq.). (Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2012.)

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

The Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) supports clean energy research, development, demonstration, and deployment activities to advance the state-of-the-art in efficiency and renewable energy technologies and to transition them from early-stage research to the private sector. EERE programs accelerate the development and commercialization of new generations of energy technologies for buildings, factories, and vehicles that are clean, reliable, efficient, and affordable and that help the country meet its economic, environmental, and energy security goals. These technologies can provide the basis for increased domestic manufacturing and economic growth; protect the environment by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving air and water quality; reduce petroleum use; increase diversity and choice in energy sources and services; and decrease energy use and costs for consumers.

EERE programs include:

Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies._This program aims to reduce petroleum use, greenhouse gas emissions, and criteria air pollutants, and to contribute to a more diverse and efficient energy infrastructure by supporting the development of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies for widespread commercialization. The program supports applied research, development, and demonstration of transformative advances in hydrogen and fuel cell technologies, as well as efforts to overcome economic and institutional barriers to their commercial deployment.

Biomass and Biorefinery Systems._This program funds research, development, and demonstration projects to advance biofuels technologies and to validate and assist in the commercialization of integrated biorefinery technologies that will help transform the nation's transportation sector. The program's activities include the development of biomass conversion technologies to produce a variety of biofuels, bioproducts, and biopower. The program also works to evaluate environmentally sustainable feedstocks and to develop economically viable feedstock logistics systems to sustainably supply the biofuels industry.

Solar Energy._This program's main objective under the SunShot Initiative is to make solar energy cost-competitive with other sources of electricity, across the nation and without subsidies, by 2020 — a goal of approximately 5 cents per kWh for installed systems. To achieve this objective, the program supports solar energy research, development, and demonstration at universities and the national laboratories and in collaboration with industry and industry-led consortia. The Photovoltaic (PV) subprogram focuses on lowering the cost of PV through conversion efficiency and manufacturing improvements. Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) supports the development of thermal storage and systems research and optimization to enable CSP to provide baseload power on demand. Additionally, Systems Integration and Market Transformation support cost goals for the deployment of solar technologies by addressing grid integration issues, the balance-of-system and non-hardware costs of installation, and other market barriers.

Wind Energy._This program develops technology in partnership with industry to improve the reliability and affordability of land-based and offshore wind energy systems, with an increased focus on next generation technologies that will enable America's sizable offshore wind resources to be captured at a competitive price. The program also supports wind resource assessments and modeling, advanced turbine and system modeling, and improved approaches to systems interconnection and integration with the electric transmission grid. It also helps reduce barriers to technology acceptance and its deployment and growth in the market.

Geothermal Technologies._This program conducts research, development and demonstration (RD&D) in partnership with industry, academia, and the national laboratories to discover new geothermal resources, develop innovative methods for accessing and using those resources for baseload electricity generation, and demonstrate high-impact technologies. The program's geothermal work will concentrate on improved exploration technologies and on developing new technologies for enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) that offer the potential for tapping into enormous geothermal resources across America.

Water Power._This program conducts research, development, and validation testing and demonstration of innovative water power technologies to enable improved, cost-effective, and environmentally responsible renewable power generation from water. The program focuses primarily on a diverse array of marine and hydrokinetic technologies for producing electricity from waves, tides, and currents in oceans and rivers. The program also supports resource assessments, cost assessments, environmental studies, and advanced modeling aimed at determining and demonstrating the viability of emerging water power technologies and reducing the market barriers to their deployment.

Vehicle Technologies._This program's research and development (R&D) seeks technology breakthroughs that will enable the U.S. to greatly reduce transportation petroleum use and greenhouse gas emissions. The program focuses on a suite of technologies from transportation electrification to lightweight materials, advanced combustion engines, and non-petroleum fuels and lubricant technologies. The program incorporates a new "grand challenge" to develop the technologies to make electric drive vehicles competitive across multiple light-duty vehicle types by 2020. This grand challenge will include accelerated R&D on emerging battery technologies and innovative battery manufacturing processes, power electronics, and electric motors. The program also supports early demonstration, field validation, and deployment of advanced technologies as well as efforts to reduce the vehicle miles traveled by the public.

Building Technologies._In partnership with the buildings industry, this program develops, promotes, and integrates energy technologies and practices to make buildings more efficient and affordable. The program accelerates the availability of innovative, highly efficient building technologies and practices through R&D; increases the minimum efficiency of buildings and equipment through the promotion of model building efficiency codes and the promulgation of national lighting and appliance standards; and encourages the use of energy-efficient and renewable energy technologies and practices in residential and commercial buildings through integration activities such as Better Buildings, Building America, and the ENERGY STAR partnership with EPA. As part of its activities, the program oversees the Energy Efficient Building Systems Design Hub.

Advanced Manufacturing._Formerly known as the Industrial Technologies Program, this program supports RD&D focused on high-impact energy-efficient manufacturing processes and materials technologies. The program is accelerating its activities to develop cross-cutting manufacturing process technologies and advanced industrial materials that will enable U.S. companies to cut the costs of manufacturing by using less energy while improving product quality and accelerating product development. It seeks to demonstrate materials and processes at a convincing scale to prove reductions in energy intensity and in the life-cycle energy consumption of manufactured products, plus promote a corporate culture of continuous improvement in energy efficiency among existing facilities and manufacturers. The program also manages the Energy Innovation Hub on Critical Materials.

Federal Energy Management Program._This program enables the Federal Government to meet its relevant energy, water, greenhouse gas, and transportation goals as defined in existing legislation and Executive Orders by providing interagency coordination, technical expertise, training, financing resources, and contracting support.

Facilities and Infrastructure._This activity sustains RD&D infrastructure and supports EERE's clean energy RD&D by providing funding for general plant projects, maintenance and repair, general purpose equipment, upgrades to accommodate new research requirements, and safeguards and security operations at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.

Weatherization and Intergovernmental._This program supports clean energy deployment in partnership with State, local, U.S. territory, and tribal governments. The State Energy Program provides technical and financial resources to States to help them achieve their energy efficiency and renewable energy goals through interactions with utilities and through building codes and other local policies. Funding also supports energy efficiency and renewable energy projects that meet local needs. The Tribal Energy Program supports feasibility assessments and development of implementation plans for clean energy projects on Tribal lands. The Weatherization Assistance Program lowers energy use and costs for low income families by supporting energy-efficient home retrofits through State-managed networks of local weatherization providers.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)

Employment Summary

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)