An advance appropriation is one made to become available one year or more beyond the year for which the appropriations act is passed. Advance appropriations in 2023 appropriations acts will become available for programs in 2024 or beyond. Since these appropriations are not available until after 2023, the amounts will not be included in the 2023 totals, but will be reflected in the totals for the year for which they are requested.
The Congressional Budget Act of 1974 (31 U.S.C. 1105(a)(17)) requires inclusion in the budget of "information on estimates of appropriations for the fiscal year following the fiscal year for which the budget is submitted for grants, contracts, and other payments under each program for which there is an authorization of appropriations for that following fiscal year when the appropriations are authorized to be included in an appropriation law for the fiscal year before the fiscal year in which the appropriation is to be available for obligation." In fulfillment of this requirement, the accompanying table lists those accounts that have either received discretionary or mandatory advance appropriations since 2021 or will request, in 2023, advance appropriations for 2024 and beyond and cites the applicable authorizing statute.
The Continuing Appropriations Act, 2022 (division A of Public Law 117–43, as amended), which was in place at the time the Budget was prepared, does not explicitly address advance appropriations for 2023. As a result, this Budget, as illustrated by the accompanying table, assumes that final full-year appropriations would include language to make 2023 advance appropriations available. This is in order to ensure comparability with annual funding provided under the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2022, and to depict accurately the 2023 discretionary request levels. In general, the Budget assumes that the 2023 level that would be enacted for discretionary appropriations is equal to the 2022 advance appropriations that were enacted in the 2021 appropriations Acts. However, for the Department of Veterans Affairs and the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB), the 2023 level (and 2024 level for CPB) is instead consistent with the 2023 advance apppropriations (and 2024 for CPB) that were requested in the 2022 Budget.
For additional information on advance appropriations, please refer to the Budget Concepts chapter in the Analytical Perspectives volume.
Advance Appropriations by Agency in the 2023 Budget (Budget authority in millions of dollars)
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Pre-cancellation, Pre-Transfer Enacted Levels | ||||
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Agency/Program | 2021 | 2022 | CR 2023 | 2024 Request |
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Discretionary One-year Advances: | ||||
Department of Education (20 U.S.C. 1223): | ||||
Education for the Disadvantaged | 10,841 | 10,841 | 10,841 | 10,841 |
Special Education | 9,283 | 9,283 | 9,283 | 9,283 |
Career, Technical, and Adult Education | 791 | 791 | 791 | 791 |
School Improvement Programs | 1,681 | 1,681 | 1,681 | 1,681 |
Department of Housing and Urban Development (42 U.S.C. 1437 et seq.): | ||||
Tenant-Based Rental Assistance | 4,000 | 4,000 | 4,000 | 4,000 |
Project-Based Rental Assistance | 400 | 400 | 400 | 400 |
Department of Labor: | ||||
Training and Employment Services (29 U.S.C. 2801 et seq.) | 1,772 | 1,772 | 1,772 | 1,772 |
Department of Veterans Affairs (Public Law 111–81): | ||||
Medical Services | 56,158 | 58,897 | 70,323 | 74,004 |
Medical Community Care | 17,131 | 20,148 | 24,157 | 33,000 |
Medical Support and Compliance | 7,914 | 8,403 | 9,673 | 12,300 |
Medical Facilities | 6,433 | 6,735 | 7,134 | 8,800 |
Discretionary Two-year Advances: | ||||
Corporation for Public Broadcasting (47 U.S.C. 396)1 | 445 | 465 | 475 | 475 |
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Subtotal, Discretionary Advance Appropriations | 116,849 | 123,416 | 140,530 | 157,347 |
Mandatory: | ||||
Department of Agriculture: | ||||
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (7 U.S.C. 2027) | ....... | ....... | ....... | 27,795 |
Department of Health and Human Services: | ||||
Grants to States for Medicaid (42 U.S.C. 1396–1) | 139,903 | 148,732 | 165,722 | 197,580 |
Payments to States for Child Support Enforcement and Family Support (42 U.S.C. Ch. 7) | 1,400 | 1,400 | 1,300 | 1,300 |
Payments for Foster Care and Permanency (Public Law 96–272) | 3,000 | 3,000 | 3,200 | 3,200 |
Department of Labor: | ||||
Special Benefits for Disabled Coal Miners (30 U.S.C. 921) | 14 | 14 | 11 | 10 |
Department of Veterans Affairs (Public Law 113–235): | ||||
Compensation and Pensions | 118,247 | 130,228 | 152,017 | 146,778 |
Readjustment Benefits | 12,579 | 14,947 | 8,907 | 8,453 |
Veterans Insurance and Indemnities | 129 | 137 | 110 | 121 |
Social Security Administration: | ||||
Supplemental Security Income Program (42 U.S.C. 1381) | 19,900 | 19,600 | 15,600 | 15,800 |
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Total, Advance Appropriations | 412,021 | 441,474 | 487,397 | 558,384 |
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The Infrastructure Investments and Jobs Appropriations Act (division J of Public Law 117–58; IIJAA) was enacted in fiscal year 2022 and provided advance appropriations for several programs that become available in fiscal years 2023 through 2026. In accordance with the Congressional Budget Act requirement, the table below lists the programs that recieved advance appropriations in IIJAA.
Infrastructure Investments and Jobs Appropriations Act (Budget authority in millions of dollars)
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Pre-transfer Enacted Levels | ||||
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Agency/Program | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 |
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Department of Agriculture: | ||||
Research and Education Activities | 5 | ....... | ....... | ....... |
Capital Improvement and Maintenance | 72 | 72 | 72 | 72 |
Forest and Rangeland Research | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
State and Private Forestry | 305 | 305 | 305 | 305 |
National Forest System | 530 | 530 | 530 | 530 |
Wildland Fire Management | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 |
Department of Commerce: | ||||
Operations, Research, and Facilities | 516 | 516 | 516 | 507 |
Pacific Coastal Salmon Recovery | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 |
Digital Equity | 550 | 550 | 550 | 550 |
Department of Energy: | ||||
Fossil Energy and Carbon Management | 1,444 | 1,447 | 1,450 | 1,317 |
Electricity | 1,610 | 1,610 | 1,610 | 1,610 |
Nuclear Energy | 1,200 | 1,200 | 1,200 | 1,200 |
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy | 2,222 | 1,945 | 1,945 | 1,945 |
Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Office of Clean Energy Demonstrations | 4,426 | 4,476 | 4,526 | 2,900 |
Carbon Dioxide Transportation Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Program Account | 2,097 | ....... | ....... | ....... |
Department of Health and Human Services: | ||||
Indian Health Facilities | 700 | 700 | 700 | 700 |
Low Income Home Energy Assistance | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Department of Homeland Security: | ||||
Cybersecurity Response and Recovery Fund | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
Federal Assistance, Federal Emergency Management Agency | 500 | 400 | 200 | 100 |
Disaster Relief Fund | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 |
National Flood Insurance Fund | 700 | 700 | 700 | 700 |
Department of the Interior: | ||||
Water and Related Resources | 1,660 | 1,660 | 1,660 | 1,660 |
Surveys, Investigations, and Research | 69 | 69 | 69 | 64 |
Resource Management | 91 | 91 | 91 | 91 |
Operation of Indian Programs | 43 | 43 | 43 | 43 |
Construction, Bureau of Indian Affairs | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 |
Departmental Operations | 142 | 142 | 142 | 142 |
Wildland Fire Management | 263 | 263 | 263 | 263 |
Department of Transportation: | ||||
National Infrastructure Investments | 2,500 | 2,500 | 2,500 | 2,500 |
National Culvert Removal, Replacement, and Restoration Grants | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 |
Strengthening Mobility and Revolutionizing Transportation Grant Program | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Safe Streets and Roads for All | 1,000 | 1,000 | 1,000 | 1,000 |
Facilities and Equipment | 1,000 | 1,000 | 1,000 | 1,000 |
Airport Terminal Program | 1,000 | 1,000 | 1,000 | 1,000 |
Airport Infrastructure Grants | 3,000 | 3,000 | 3,000 | 3,000 |
Highway Infrastructure Programs | 9,454 | 9,454 | 9,454 | 9,454 |
Motor Carrier Safety Grants | 125 | 125 | 125 | 125 |
Motor Carrier Safety Operations and Programs | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
Vehicle Safety and Behavioral Research Programs | 110 | 110 | 110 | 110 |
Crash Data | 150 | 150 | 150 | 150 |
Supplemental Highway Traffic Safety Programs | 62 | 62 | 62 | 62 |
Federal-State Partnership for Intercity Passenger Rail Grants | 7,200 | 7,200 | 7,200 | 7,200 |
Railroad Crossing Elimination Program | 600 | 600 | 600 | 600 |
Northeast Corridor Grants to the National Railroad Passenger Corporation | 1,200 | 1,200 | 1,200 | 1,200 |
National Network Grants to the National Railroad Passenger Corporation | 3,200 | 3,200 | 3,200 | 3,200 |
Consolidated Rail Infrastructure and Safety Improvements | 1,000 | 1,000 | 1,000 | 1,000 |
Capital Investment Grants | 1,600 | 1,600 | 1,600 | 1,600 |
Electric or Low-Emitting Ferry Program | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 |
All Stations Accessibility Program | 350 | 350 | 350 | 350 |
Ferry Service for Rural Communities | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 |
Transit Infrastructure Grants | 2,050 | 2,050 | 2,050 | 2,050 |
Natural Gas Distribution Infrastructure Safety and Modernization | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 |
Port Infrastructure Development Program | 450 | 450 | 450 | 450 |
Corps of Engineers—Civil Works: | ||||
Investigations | 30 | ....... | ....... | ....... |
Construction | 50 | 50 | ....... | ....... |
Operation and Maintenance | 1,000 | 1,000 | ....... | ....... |
Environmental Protection Agency: | ||||
State and Tribal Assistance Grants | 10,819 | 11,221 | 11,621 | 11,621 |
Environmental Programs and Management | 387 | 387 | 387 | 387 |
Appalachian Regional Commission: | ||||
Appalachian Regional Commission | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 |
Federal Permitting Improvement Steering Council: | ||||
Environmental Review Improvement Fund | 1 | 1 | 1 | ....... |
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Total, IIJAA Advance Appropriations | 68,985 | 66,931 | 66,134 | 64,260 |
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