ADVANCE APPROPRIATIONS

An advance appropriation is one made to become available one year or more beyond the year for which the appropriations act is passed. Advance appropriations in 2023 appropriations acts will become available for programs in 2024 or beyond. Since these appropriations are not available until after 2023, the amounts will not be included in the 2023 totals, but will be reflected in the totals for the year for which they are requested.

The Congressional Budget Act of 1974 (31 U.S.C. 1105(a)(17)) requires inclusion in the budget of "information on estimates of appropriations for the fiscal year following the fiscal year for which the budget is submitted for grants, contracts, and other payments under each program for which there is an authorization of appropriations for that following fiscal year when the appropriations are authorized to be included in an appropriation law for the fiscal year before the fiscal year in which the appropriation is to be available for obligation." In fulfillment of this requirement, the accompanying table lists those accounts that have either received discretionary or mandatory advance appropriations since 2021 or will request, in 2023, advance appropriations for 2024 and beyond and cites the applicable authorizing statute.

The Continuing Appropriations Act, 2022 (division A of Public Law 117–43, as amended), which was in place at the time the Budget was prepared, does not explicitly address advance appropriations for 2023. As a result, this Budget, as illustrated by the accompanying table, assumes that final full-year appropriations would include language to make 2023 advance appropriations available. This is in order to ensure comparability with annual funding provided under the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2022, and to depict accurately the 2023 discretionary request levels. In general, the Budget assumes that the 2023 level that would be enacted for discretionary appropriations is equal to the 2022 advance appropriations that were enacted in the 2021 appropriations Acts. However, for the Department of Veterans Affairs and the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB), the 2023 level (and 2024 level for CPB) is instead consistent with the 2023 advance apppropriations (and 2024 for CPB) that were requested in the 2022 Budget.

For additional information on advance appropriations, please refer to the Budget Concepts chapter in the Analytical Perspectives volume.

Advance Appropriations by Agency in the 2023 Budget (Budget authority in millions of dollars)
Pre-cancellation, Pre-Transfer Enacted Levels
Agency/Program 2021 2022 CR 2023 2024 Request
Discretionary One-year Advances:
Department of Education (20 U.S.C. 1223):
Education for the Disadvantaged 10,841 10,841 10,841 10,841
Special Education 9,283 9,283 9,283 9,283
Career, Technical, and Adult Education 791 791 791 791
School Improvement Programs 1,681 1,681 1,681 1,681
Department of Housing and Urban Development (42 U.S.C. 1437 et seq.):
Tenant-Based Rental Assistance 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000
Project-Based Rental Assistance 400 400 400 400
Department of Labor:
Training and Employment Services (29 U.S.C. 2801 et seq.) 1,772 1,772 1,772 1,772
Department of Veterans Affairs (Public Law 111–81):
Medical Services 56,158 58,897 70,323 74,004
Medical Community Care 17,131 20,148 24,157 33,000
Medical Support and Compliance 7,914 8,403 9,673 12,300
Medical Facilities 6,433 6,735 7,134 8,800
Discretionary Two-year Advances:
Corporation for Public Broadcasting (47 U.S.C. 396)1 445 465 475 475
Subtotal, Discretionary Advance Appropriations 116,849 123,416 140,530 157,347
Mandatory:
Department of Agriculture:
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (7 U.S.C. 2027) ....... ....... ....... 27,795
Department of Health and Human Services:
Grants to States for Medicaid (42 U.S.C. 1396–1) 139,903 148,732 165,722 197,580
Payments to States for Child Support Enforcement and Family Support (42 U.S.C. Ch. 7) 1,400 1,400 1,300 1,300
Payments for Foster Care and Permanency (Public Law 96–272) 3,000 3,000 3,200 3,200
Department of Labor:
Special Benefits for Disabled Coal Miners (30 U.S.C. 921) 14 14 11 10
Department of Veterans Affairs (Public Law 113–235):
Compensation and Pensions 118,247 130,228 152,017 146,778
Readjustment Benefits 12,579 14,947 8,907 8,453
Veterans Insurance and Indemnities 129 137 110 121
Social Security Administration:
Supplemental Security Income Program (42 U.S.C. 1381) 19,900 19,600 15,600 15,800
Total, Advance Appropriations 412,021 441,474 487,397 558,384
1 Historically, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting is provided a two-year advance appropriation. The 2023 request proposes a $565 million advance appropriation for the Corporation in 2025.

The Infrastructure Investments and Jobs Appropriations Act (division J of Public Law 117–58; IIJAA) was enacted in fiscal year 2022 and provided advance appropriations for several programs that become available in fiscal years 2023 through 2026. In accordance with the Congressional Budget Act requirement, the table below lists the programs that recieved advance appropriations in IIJAA.

Infrastructure Investments and Jobs Appropriations Act (Budget authority in millions of dollars)
Pre-transfer Enacted Levels
Agency/Program 2023 2024 2025 2026
Department of Agriculture:
Research and Education Activities 5 ....... ....... .......
Capital Improvement and Maintenance 72 72 72 72
Forest and Rangeland Research 2 2 2 2
State and Private Forestry 305 305 305 305
National Forest System 530 530 530 530
Wildland Fire Management 36 36 36 36
Department of Commerce:
Operations, Research, and Facilities 516 516 516 507
Pacific Coastal Salmon Recovery 34 34 34 34
Digital Equity 550 550 550 550
Department of Energy:
Fossil Energy and Carbon Management 1,444 1,447 1,450 1,317
Electricity 1,610 1,610 1,610 1,610
Nuclear Energy 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy 2,222 1,945 1,945 1,945
Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response 100 100 100 100
Office of Clean Energy Demonstrations 4,426 4,476 4,526 2,900
Carbon Dioxide Transportation Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Program Account 2,097 ....... ....... .......
Department of Health and Human Services:
Indian Health Facilities 700 700 700 700
Low Income Home Energy Assistance 100 100 100 100
Department of Homeland Security:
Cybersecurity Response and Recovery Fund 20 20 20 20
Federal Assistance, Federal Emergency Management Agency 500 400 200 100
Disaster Relief Fund 200 200 200 200
National Flood Insurance Fund 700 700 700 700
Department of the Interior:
Water and Related Resources 1,660 1,660 1,660 1,660
Surveys, Investigations, and Research 69 69 69 64
Resource Management 91 91 91 91
Operation of Indian Programs 43 43 43 43
Construction, Bureau of Indian Affairs 50 50 50 50
Departmental Operations 142 142 142 142
Wildland Fire Management 263 263 263 263
Department of Transportation:
National Infrastructure Investments 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500
National Culvert Removal, Replacement, and Restoration Grants 200 200 200 200
Strengthening Mobility and Revolutionizing Transportation Grant Program 100 100 100 100
Safe Streets and Roads for All 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000
Facilities and Equipment 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000
Airport Terminal Program 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000
Airport Infrastructure Grants 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000
Highway Infrastructure Programs 9,454 9,454 9,454 9,454
Motor Carrier Safety Grants 125 125 125 125
Motor Carrier Safety Operations and Programs 10 10 10 10
Vehicle Safety and Behavioral Research Programs 110 110 110 110
Crash Data 150 150 150 150
Supplemental Highway Traffic Safety Programs 62 62 62 62
Federal-State Partnership for Intercity Passenger Rail Grants 7,200 7,200 7,200 7,200
Railroad Crossing Elimination Program 600 600 600 600
Northeast Corridor Grants to the National Railroad Passenger Corporation 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200
National Network Grants to the National Railroad Passenger Corporation 3,200 3,200 3,200 3,200
Consolidated Rail Infrastructure and Safety Improvements 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000
Capital Investment Grants 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600
Electric or Low-Emitting Ferry Program 50 50 50 50
All Stations Accessibility Program 350 350 350 350
Ferry Service for Rural Communities 200 200 200 200
Transit Infrastructure Grants 2,050 2,050 2,050 2,050
Natural Gas Distribution Infrastructure Safety and Modernization 200 200 200 200
Port Infrastructure Development Program 450 450 450 450
Corps of Engineers—Civil Works:
Investigations 30 ....... ....... .......
Construction 50 50 ....... .......
Operation and Maintenance 1,000 1,000 ....... .......
Environmental Protection Agency:
State and Tribal Assistance Grants 10,819 11,221 11,621 11,621
Environmental Programs and Management 387 387 387 387
Appalachian Regional Commission:
Appalachian Regional Commission 200 200 200 200
Federal Permitting Improvement Steering Council:
Environmental Review Improvement Fund 1 1 1 .......
Total, IIJAA Advance Appropriations 68,985 66,931 66,134 64,260