DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Office of Elementary and Secondary Education

Federal Funds

Education Stabilization Fund

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0251–0–1–501 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Obligations by program activity:
0001 Education Stabilization Fund 229,886 17,805



0900 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts (object class 41.0) 229,886 17,805

Budgetary resources:
Unobligated balance:
1000 Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1 508 18,158
1011 Unobligated balance transfer from other acct [091–0203] 100
1021 Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations 26



1070 Unobligated balance (total) 634 18,158
Budget authority:
Appropriations, discretionary:
1100 Appropriation 81,880
1120 Appropriations transferred to other acct [014–2106] –409
1131 Unobligated balance of appropriations permanently reduced –353



1160 Appropriation, discretionary (total) 81,471 –353
Appropriations, mandatory:
1200 Appropriation 165,959
1900 Budget authority (total) 247,430 –353
1930 Total budgetary resources available 248,064 17,805
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1940 Unobligated balance expiring –20
1941 Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year 18,158

Change in obligated balance:
Unpaid obligations:
3000 Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1 18,928 200,174 119,909
3010 New obligations, unexpired accounts 229,886 17,805
3020 Outlays (gross) –48,614 –98,070 –86,754
3040 Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, unexpired –26



3050 Unpaid obligations, end of year 200,174 119,909 33,155
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100 Obligated balance, start of year 18,928 200,174 119,909
3200 Obligated balance, end of year 200,174 119,909 33,155

Budget authority and outlays, net:
Discretionary:
4000 Budget authority, gross 81,471 –353
Outlays, gross:
4010 Outlays from new discretionary authority 24,951
4011 Outlays from discretionary balances 14,318 34,229 10,875



4020 Outlays, gross (total) 39,269 34,229 10,875
Mandatory:
4090 Budget authority, gross 165,959
Outlays, gross:
4100 Outlays from new mandatory authority 9,345
4101 Outlays from mandatory balances 63,841 75,879



4110 Outlays, gross (total) 9,345 63,841 75,879
4180 Budget authority, net (total) 247,430 –353
4190 Outlays, net (total) 48,614 98,070 86,754

Funds support the following programs authorized and funded in response to the novel coronavirus of 2019 (COVID-19) under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the CARES Act); the Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2021; and the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021: the Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief Fund, Governors Emergency Education Relief Fund, Discretionary Grants, Emergency Assistance to Nonpublic Schools, Assistance for Homeless Children and Youth; Assistance for the Outlying Areas; and the Higher Education Emergency Relief Fund. Amounts in this schedule reflect balances that are spending out from prior year appropriations.

Education for the Disadvantaged

For carrying out title I and subpart 2 of part B of title II of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (referred to in this Act as "ESEA") and section 418A of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (referred to in this Act as "HEA"), $21,280,551,000, of which $10,340,251,000 shall become available on July 1, 2023, and shall remain available through September 30, 2024, and of which $10,841,177,000 shall become available on October 1, 2023, and shall remain available through September 30, 2024, for academic year 2023–2024: Provided, That $6,459,401,000 shall be for basic grants under section 1124 of the ESEA: Provided further, That up to $5,000,000 of these funds shall be available to the Secretary of Education (referred to in this title as "Secretary") on October 1, 2022, to obtain annually updated local educational agency-level census poverty data from the Bureau of the Census: Provided further, That $1,362,301,000 shall be for concentration grants under section 1124A of the ESEA: Provided further, That $6,357,550,000 shall be for targeted grants under section 1125 of the ESEA: Provided further, That $6,357,550,000 shall be for education finance incentive grants under section 1125A of the ESEA: Provided further, That of the amounts available under the preceding two provisos the Secretary may reserve up to $100,000,000 to pay the costs of voluntary State school funding equity commissions and the costs of voluntary local education agency equity reviews: Provided further, That $30,000,000 shall be for competitive grants to support strong partnerships, which may include those among State educational agencies, local educational agencies and child welfare agencies, to create and implement innovative strategies for improving the education of foster children and youth under part D of title I of the ESEA: Provided further, That the Secretary may reserve up to 10 percent of the amount referred to in the previous proviso to provide technical assistance in the implementation of these grants: Provided further, That $220,000,000 shall be for carrying out subpart 2 of part B of title II: Provided further, That $66,123,000 shall be for carrying out section 418A of the HEA: Provided further, That notwithstanding section 418A(g)(2)(A) of the HEA, the Secretary may reduce the percentage of funds available for a program if the Secretary determines that there are not a sufficient number of high-quality applications for that program.

Note.—A full-year 2022 appropriation for this account was not enacted at the time the Budget was prepared; therefore, the Budget assumes this account is operating under the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2022 (Division A of Public Law 117–43, as amended). The amounts included for 2022 reflect the annualized level provided by the continuing resolution.

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0900–0–1–501 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Obligations by program activity:
0001 Grants to local educational agencies 16,536 16,536 20,537
0002 State agency programs: Migrants 376 376 376
0003 State agency programs: Neglected, delinquent, and at risk children and youth 48 48 82
0004 Special programs for migrant students 46 46 66
0006 Comprehensive literacy development grants 193 193 192
0007 Innovative approaches to literacy 28 28 28



0900 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts 17,227 17,227 21,281

Budgetary resources:
Unobligated balance:
1000 Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1 200 202 202
1021 Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations 2



1070 Unobligated balance (total) 202 202 202
Budget authority:
Appropriations, discretionary:
1100 Appropriation 6,386 6,386 10,439
Advance appropriations, discretionary:
1170 Advance appropriation 10,841 10,841 10,841
1900 Budget authority (total) 17,227 17,227 21,280
1930 Total budgetary resources available 17,429 17,429 21,482
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941 Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year 202 202 201

Change in obligated balance:
Unpaid obligations:
3000 Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1 12,531 13,584 11,128
3010 New obligations, unexpired accounts 17,227 17,227 21,281
3020 Outlays (gross) –16,137 –19,683 –17,299
3040 Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, unexpired –2
3041 Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, expired –35



3050 Unpaid obligations, end of year 13,584 11,128 15,110
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100 Obligated balance, start of year 12,531 13,584 11,128
3200 Obligated balance, end of year 13,584 11,128 15,110

Budget authority and outlays, net:
Discretionary:
4000 Budget authority, gross 17,227 17,227 21,280
Outlays, gross:
4010 Outlays from new discretionary authority 5,408 7,843 8,005
4011 Outlays from discretionary balances 10,729 11,840 9,294



4020 Outlays, gross (total) 16,137 19,683 17,299
4180 Budget authority, net (total) 17,227 17,227 21,280
4190 Outlays, net (total) 16,137 19,683 17,299

Summary of Budget Authority and Outlays (in millions of dollars)


2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Enacted/requested:
Budget Authority 17,227 17,227 21,280
Outlays 16,137 19,683 17,299
Legislative proposal, subject to PAYGO:
Budget Authority 16,000
Outlays 640
Total:
Budget Authority 17,227 17,227 37,280
Outlays 16,137 19,683 17,939

SUMMARY OF PROGRAM LEVEL (in millions of dollars)


2021–2022 Academic Year 2022–2023 Academic Year 2023–2024 Academic Year

New Budget Authority $6,385 $6,385 $26,440
Advance appropriation 10,841 10,841 10,841
Total program level 17,226 17,226 37,281
Change in advance appropriation from the previous year 0 0 0

Grants to local educational agencies.—Funds are allocated via formula for programs that provide academic support to help students in high-poverty schools meet challenging State standards. States assess annually all students in certain grades in at least English language arts, mathematics, and science; develop systems to differentiate among schools on the basis of performance on those assessments and other indicators; provide parents with information on the performance of their child's school; and ensure the development and implementation of support and improvement plans for the lowest-performing schools. The 2023 request would support activities to help school systems address inequities in school funding, including voluntary State school funding equity commissions and voluntary local educational agency equity reviews.

State agency migrant program.—Funds support formula grants to States for educational services to children of migratory farmworkers and fishers, with resources and services for children who have moved within the past 36 months.

State agency neglected, delinquent and at-risk children and youth education program.—Funds support formula grants to States for educational services to neglected or delinquent children and youth in State-run institutions, attending community day programs, and in correctional facilities. The 2023 request would support competitive grants to create and implement innovative strategies for improving the education of foster children and youth.

Special programs for migrant students.—Funds support grants to institutions of higher education and nonprofit organizations that assist migrant students in earning a high school equivalency certificate or in completing their first year of college.

Comprehensive literacy development grants.—Funds support continuation grants to States to provide targeted, evidence-based literacy interventions in high-need schools. States must award subgrants to local educational agencies (LEAs) to support literacy interventions for children from birth through kindergarten entry and for students from kindergarten through grade 12.

Innovative approaches to literacy.—Funds support competitive grants to LEAs, consortia of LEAs, the Bureau of Indian Education, or national nonprofit organizations, to promote literacy programs that support the development of literacy skills in low-income communities. Grantees would develop and implement school library programs and provide high-quality, developmentally appropriate, and up-to-date reading material to children and adolescents in low-income communities.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0900–0–1–501 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Direct obligations:
25.1 Advisory and assistance services 5 5 8
25.2 Other services from non-Federal sources 10 10 10
25.3 Other goods and services from Federal sources 5
25.5 Research and development contracts 2 2 2
25.7 Operation and maintenance of equipment 6 6 2
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and contributions 17,204 17,204 21,254



99.9 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts 17,227 17,227 21,281

Education for the Disadvantaged

(Legislative proposal, subject to PAYGO)

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0900–4–1–501 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Obligations by program activity:
0001 Grants to local educational agencies 16,000



0900 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts (object class 41.0) 16,000

Budgetary resources:
Budget authority:
Appropriations, mandatory:
1200 Appropriation 16,000
1930 Total budgetary resources available 16,000

Change in obligated balance:
Unpaid obligations:
3010 New obligations, unexpired accounts 16,000
3020 Outlays (gross) –640



3050 Unpaid obligations, end of year 15,360
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3200 Obligated balance, end of year 15,360

Budget authority and outlays, net:
Mandatory:
4090 Budget authority, gross 16,000
Outlays, gross:
4100 Outlays from new mandatory authority 640
4180 Budget authority, net (total) 16,000
4190 Outlays, net (total) 640

Grants to local educational agencies.— The 2023 request includes $16 billion in mandatory funding that, when combined with $20.5 billion in discretionary funding, provides $36.5 billion for the program.

Impact aid

For carrying out programs of financial assistance to federally affected schools authorized by title VII of the ESEA, $1,541,112,000, of which $1,394,242,000 shall be for basic support payments under section 7003(b), $48,316,000 shall be for payments for children with disabilities under section 7003(d), $17,406,000, to remain available through September 30, 2024, shall be for construction under section 7007(b), $76,313,000 shall be for Federal property payments under section 7002, and $4,835,000, to remain available until expended, shall be for facilities maintenance under section 7008: Provided, That for purposes of computing the amount of a payment for an eligible local educational agency under section 7003(a) for school year 2022–2023, children enrolled in a school of such agency that would otherwise be eligible for payment under section 7003(a)(1)(B) of such Act, but due to the deployment of both parents or legal guardians, or a parent or legal guardian having sole custody of such children, or due to the death of a military parent or legal guardian while on active duty (so long as such children reside on Federal property as described in section 7003(a)(1)(B)), are no longer eligible under such section, shall be considered as eligible students under such section, provided such students remain in average daily attendance at a school in the same local educational agency they attended prior to their change in eligibility status.

Note.—A full-year 2022 appropriation for this account was not enacted at the time the Budget was prepared; therefore, the Budget assumes this account is operating under the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2022 (Division A of Public Law 117–43, as amended). The amounts included for 2022 reflect the annualized level provided by the continuing resolution.

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0102–0–1–501 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Obligations by program activity:
0001 Basic support payments 1,354 1,354 1,394
0002 Payments for children with disabilities 49 49 48



0091 Direct program activities, subtotal 1,403 1,403 1,442
0101 Facilities maintenance 7 5
0201 Construction 34 18
0301 Payments for Federal property 76 76 76



0900 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts (object class 41.0) 1,479 1,520 1,541

Budgetary resources:
Unobligated balance:
1000 Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1 2 24 5
Budget authority:
Appropriations, discretionary:
1100 Appropriation 1,501 1,501 1,541
1930 Total budgetary resources available 1,503 1,525 1,546
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941 Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year 24 5 5

Change in obligated balance:
Unpaid obligations:
3000 Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1 246 235 222
3010 New obligations, unexpired accounts 1,479 1,520 1,541
3011 Obligations ("upward adjustments"), expired accounts 210
3020 Outlays (gross) –1,490 –1,533 –1,434
3041 Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, expired –210



3050 Unpaid obligations, end of year 235 222 329
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100 Obligated balance, start of year 246 235 222
3200 Obligated balance, end of year 235 222 329

Budget authority and outlays, net:
Discretionary:
4000 Budget authority, gross 1,501 1,501 1,541
Outlays, gross:
4010 Outlays from new discretionary authority 1,271 1,333 1,369
4011 Outlays from discretionary balances 219 200 65



4020 Outlays, gross (total) 1,490 1,533 1,434
4180 Budget authority, net (total) 1,501 1,501 1,541
4190 Outlays, net (total) 1,490 1,533 1,434

Impact Aid helps to replace the lost local revenue that would otherwise be available to educate federally connected children. The presence of certain students living on Federal property, such as students who are military dependents or who reside on Indian lands, can place a financial burden on local educational agencies (LEAs) that educate them. The property on which the children live and their parents work is exempt from local property taxes, limiting LEAs' access to a central source of revenue used by most communities to finance education.

Basic support payments.—Payments will be made on behalf of approximately 780,000 federally connected students enrolled in over 1,000 LEAs to assist them in meeting their operation and maintenance costs. Average per-student payments will be approximately $1,720.

Payments for children with disabilities.—Payments in addition to those provided under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) will be provided on behalf of approximately 52,000 federally connected students with disabilities in approximately 800 LEAs. Average per-student payments will be approximately $930.

Facilities maintenance.—Funds will be used to provide emergency repairs for school facilities that serve military dependents and are owned by the Department of Education. Funds will also be used to transfer the facilities to LEAs.

Construction.—Approximately 7 to 8 construction grants will be awarded competitively to the highest-need Impact Aid LEAs for emergency repairs and modernization of school facilities.

Payments for Federal property.—Payments will be made to approximately 200 local educational agencies in which real property owned by the Federal Government represents 10 percent or more of the assessed value of real property in the local educational agency.

School improvement programs

For carrying out school improvement activities authorized by part B of title I, part A of title II, subpart 1 of part A of title IV, part B of title IV, part B of title V, and parts B and C of title VI of the ESEA; the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act; section 203 of the Educational Technical Assistance Act of 2002; the Compact of Free Association Amendments Act of 2003; and the Civil Rights Act of 1964, $5,525,982,000, of which $3,844,541,000 shall become available on July 1, 2023, and remain available through September 30, 2024, and of which $1,681,441,000 shall become available on October 1, 2023, and shall remain available through September 30, 2024, for academic year 2023–2024: Provided, That $378,000,000 shall be for part B of title I: Provided further, That $1,309,673,000 shall be for part B of title IV: Provided further, That $37,397,000 shall be for part B of title VI, which may be used for construction, renovation, and modernization of any public elementary school, secondary school, or structure related to a public elementary school or secondary school that serves a predominantly Native Hawaiian student body, and that the 5 percent limitation in section 6205(b) of the ESEA on the use of funds for administrative purposes shall apply only to direct administrative costs: Provided further, That $36,453,000 shall be for part C of title VI, which shall be awarded on a competitive basis, and may be used for construction, and that the 5 percent limitation in section 6305 of the ESEA on the use of funds for administrative purposes shall apply only to direct administrative costs: Provided further, That $52,000,000 shall be available to carry out section 203 of the Educational Technical Assistance Act of 2002 and the Secretary shall make such arrangements as determined to be necessary to ensure that the Bureau of Indian Education has access to services provided under this section: Provided further, That $24,463,218 shall be available to carry out the Supplemental Education Grants program for the Federated States of Micronesia and the Republic of the Marshall Islands: Provided further, That the Secretary may reserve up to 5 percent of the amount referred to in the previous proviso to provide technical assistance in the implementation of these grants: Provided further, That $202,840,000 shall be for part B of title V: Provided further, That $1,220,000,000 shall be available for grants under subpart 1 of part A of title IV.

Note.—A full-year 2022 appropriation for this account was not enacted at the time the Budget was prepared; therefore, the Budget assumes this account is operating under the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2022 (Division A of Public Law 117–43, as amended). The amounts included for 2022 reflect the annualized level provided by the continuing resolution.

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–1000–0–1–501 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Obligations by program activity:
0001 Supporting effective instruction State grants 2,137 2,137 2,148
0002 21st century community learning centers 1,259 1,259 1,310
0003 State assessments 369 369 378
0004 Education for homeless children and youths 106 106 110
0005 Native Hawaiians education 66 66 37
0006 Alaska Native education 121 36 36
0007 Training and advisory services 7 7 7
0008 Rural education 188 188 203
0009 Supplemental education grants 16 16 25
0010 Comprehensive centers 52 52 52
0011 Pooled evaluation 12 12 6
0012 Student support and academic enrichment 1,213 1,213 1,220



0900 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts 5,546 5,461 5,532

Budgetary resources:
Unobligated balance:
1000 Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1 48 116 99
1001 Discretionary unobligated balance brought fwd, Oct 1 48
Budget authority:
Appropriations, discretionary:
1100 Appropriation 3,763 3,763 3,845
Advance appropriations, discretionary:
1170 Advance appropriation 1,681 1,681 1,681
Appropriations, mandatory:
1200 Appropriation 170
1900 Budget authority (total) 5,614 5,444 5,526
1930 Total budgetary resources available 5,662 5,560 5,625
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941 Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year 116 99 93

Change in obligated balance:
Unpaid obligations:
3000 Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1 6,870 7,641 6,129
3010 New obligations, unexpired accounts 5,546 5,461 5,532
3020 Outlays (gross) –4,763 –6,973 –5,233
3041 Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, expired –12



3050 Unpaid obligations, end of year 7,641 6,129 6,428
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100 Obligated balance, start of year 6,870 7,641 6,129
3200 Obligated balance, end of year 7,641 6,129 6,428

Budget authority and outlays, net:
Discretionary:
4000 Budget authority, gross 5,444 5,444 5,526
Outlays, gross:
4010 Outlays from new discretionary authority 694 1,084 1,086
4011 Outlays from discretionary balances 4,069 5,788 4,095



4020 Outlays, gross (total) 4,763 6,872 5,181
Mandatory:
4090 Budget authority, gross 170
Outlays, gross:
4101 Outlays from mandatory balances 101 52
4180 Budget authority, net (total) 5,614 5,444 5,526
4190 Outlays, net (total) 4,763 6,973 5,233

Summary of Budget Authority and Outlays (in millions of dollars)


2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Enacted/requested:
Budget Authority 5,614 5,444 5,526
Outlays 4,763 6,973 5,233
Legislative proposal, not subject to PAYGO:
Budget Authority 1,000
Outlays 20
Total:
Budget Authority 5,614 5,444 6,526
Outlays 4,763 6,973 5,253

SUMMARY OF PROGRAM LEVEL (in millions of dollars)


2021–2022 Academic Year 2022–2023 Academic Year 2023–2024 Academic Year

New Budget Authority $3,763 $3,763 $3,845
Advance Appropriation 1,681 1,681 1,681
Total program level 5,444 5,444 5,526
Change in advance appropriation over previous year 0 0 0

Supporting effective instruction State grants.—Funds support formula grants to States and local educational agencies (LEAs) to improve teacher and principal effectiveness and ensure the equitable distribution of effective and highly effective teachers and principals.

21st century community learning centers.—Funds support formula grants to States for projects that provide the additional time, support, and enrichment activities needed to improve student achievement.

State assessments.—Funds support formula grants to States to develop and implement assessments that are aligned with college- and career-ready academic standards. Funds could also support audits of State and local assessment systems. A portion of the funds support competitive grants for activities to improve State assessment systems.

Education for homeless children and youths.—Funds support formula grants to States to provide educational and support services that enable homeless children and youth to attend and achieve success in school.

Native Hawaiians education.—Funds support competitive grants to public and private entities to develop or operate innovative projects that enhance the educational services provided to Native Hawaiian children and adults.

Alaska Native education.—Funds support competitive grants to Alaska Native organizations and other public and private organizations to develop or operate innovative projects that enhance the educational services provided to Alaska Native children and adults.

Training and advisory services.—Funds support grants to regional equity assistance centers that provide technical assistance upon request to local educational agencies (LEAs) in addressing educational equity related to issues of race, gender, and national origin.

Rural education.—Funds support formula grants under two programs: the Small, Rural School Achievement program and the Rural and Low-Income School program. The Small, Rural School Achievement program provides rural LEAs with small enrollments with additional formula funds. Funds under the Rural and Low-Income School program, which targets rural LEAs that serve concentrations of poor students, are allocated by formula to States, which in turn allocate funds to eligible LEAs.

Supplemental education grants.—Funds support grants to the Federated States of Micronesia and to the Republic of the Marshall Islands in place of grant programs in which those Freely Associated States no longer participate pursuant to the Compact of Free Association Amendments Act of 2003.

Comprehensive centers.—Funds support 22 comprehensive centers that focus on building State capacity to help school districts and schools meet the requirements of the ESEA.

Student support and academic enrichment grants.—Funds support formula grants to improve academic achievement by increasing the capacity of States and LEAs to provide all students with access to a well-rounded education, to improve school conditions for student learning, and to improve the use of technology.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–1000–0–1–501 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Direct obligations:
25.1 Advisory and assistance services 7 7 7
25.2 Other services from non-Federal sources 24 24 24
25.5 Research and development contracts 1 1 1
25.7 Operation and maintenance of equipment 3 3 3
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and contributions 5,512 5,427 5,497



99.0 Direct obligations 5,547 5,462 5,532
99.5 Adjustment for rounding –1 –1



99.9 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts 5,546 5,461 5,532

School Improvement Programs

(Legislative proposal, not subject to PAYGO)

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–1000–2–1–501 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Obligations by program activity:
0001 School-based health professionals 1,000



0900 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts (object class 41.0) 1,000

Budgetary resources:
Budget authority:
Appropriations, discretionary:
1100 Appropriation 1,000
1900 Budget authority (total) 1,000
1930 Total budgetary resources available 1,000

Change in obligated balance:
Unpaid obligations:
3010 New obligations, unexpired accounts 1,000
3020 Outlays (gross) –20



3050 Unpaid obligations, end of year 980
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3200 Obligated balance, end of year 980

Budget authority and outlays, net:
Discretionary:
4000 Budget authority, gross 1,000
Outlays, gross:
4010 Outlays from new discretionary authority 20
4180 Budget authority, net (total) 1,000
4190 Outlays, net (total) 20

School-based health professionals.—Funds would provide formula grants to State educational agencies, which would then make competitive grants to high-need local educational agencies to support the goal of doubling the number of health professionals, including school counselors, nurses, school psychologists, and social workers, in our Nation's schools.

Safe schools and citizenship education

For carrying out activities authorized by subparts 2 and 3 of part F of title IV of the ESEA, $693,000,000: Provided, That $129,000,000 shall be available for section 4631, of which up to $5,000,000, to remain available until expended, shall be for the Project School Emergency Response to Violence (Project SERV) program: Provided further, That $468,000,000 shall be available for section 4625, and up to $10,000,000 of such funds may be used for planning grants: Provided further, That the Secretary may use up to $25,000,000 of the funds in the preceding proviso for grants to local educational agencies to provide integrated student supports designed to improve student social, emotional, physical, and mental health and academic outcomes: Provided further, That the Secretary may reserve up to 2 percent of the funds provided in the second preceding proviso for technical assistance under section 4625 and to grantees funded under the preceding proviso: Provided further, That $96,000,000 shall be available through December 31, 2023, for section 4624.

Note.—A full-year 2022 appropriation for this account was not enacted at the time the Budget was prepared; therefore, the Budget assumes this account is operating under the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2022 (Division A of Public Law 117–43, as amended). The amounts included for 2022 reflect the annualized level provided by the continuing resolution.

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0203–0–1–501 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Obligations by program activity:
0001 School safety national activities 104 104 129
0002 Full-service community schools 30 30 468
0003 Promise neighborhoods 119 119 96



0500 Direct program activities, subtotal 253 253 693



0900 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts 253 253 693

Budgetary resources:
Unobligated balance:
1000 Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1 191 55 19
1010 Unobligated balance transfer to other accts [091–0251] –100



1070 Unobligated balance (total) 91 55 19
Budget authority:
Appropriations, discretionary:
1100 Appropriation 217 217 693
1930 Total budgetary resources available 308 272 712
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941 Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year 55 19 19

Change in obligated balance:
Unpaid obligations:
3000 Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1 309 378 403
3010 New obligations, unexpired accounts 253 253 693
3020 Outlays (gross) –179 –228 –261
3041 Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, expired –5



3050 Unpaid obligations, end of year 378 403 835
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100 Obligated balance, start of year 309 378 403
3200 Obligated balance, end of year 378 403 835

Budget authority and outlays, net:
Discretionary:
4000 Budget authority, gross 217 217 693
Outlays, gross:
4010 Outlays from new discretionary authority 1 4 14
4011 Outlays from discretionary balances 178 224 247



4020 Outlays, gross (total) 179 228 261
4180 Budget authority, net (total) 217 217 693
4190 Outlays, net (total) 179 228 261

School safety national activities.—Funds support competitive grants and other discretionary activities to foster safe, secure, and supportive school and community environments conducive to teaching and learning; facilitate emergency management and preparedness as well as recovery from traumatic events; increase the availability of school-based mental health service providers for students; prevent drug use and violence by students; and otherwise improve student well-being. These activities include Project Prevent, a program of grants to local educational agencies to help break the cycle of violence in communities with pervasive violence.

Full-service community schools.—Funds support grants to local educational agencies or the Bureau of Indian Education, in partnership with community-based organizations, nonprofit organizations, or other public or private entities, to provide comprehensive and coordinated academic, social, and health services for students, students' family members, and community members that will result in improved educational outcomes for children in neighborhoods with high rates of poverty, childhood obesity, academic failure, and involvement of community members in the justice system.

Promise neighborhoods.—Funds support competitive grants and other activities for projects designed to improve significantly the educational and developmental outcomes of children within the Nation's most distressed communities, by providing children in the community with access to a cradle-through-college-to-career continuum of academic programs and community supports, including effective schools and services. The 2023 request would continue to support the Administration's Community Violence Intervention initiative by giving priority to applicants for Project Prevent, Full Service Community Schools, and Promise Neighborhoods grantees who propose to incorporate strategies into their projects for reducing gun violence through tools other than incarceration.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0203–0–1–501 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Direct obligations:
25.1 Advisory and assistance services 10
25.2 Other services from non-Federal sources 3 3 4
25.7 Operation and maintenance of equipment 4 4 4
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and contributions 245 245 675



99.0 Direct obligations 252 252 693
99.5 Adjustment for rounding 1 1



99.9 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts 253 253 693

Indian education

For expenses necessary to carry out, to the extent not otherwise provided, title VI, part A of the ESEA, $186,239,000, of which $67,993,000 shall be for subpart 2 of part A of title VI and $7,865,000 shall be for subpart 3 of part A of title VI: Provided, That the 5 percent limitation in sections 6115(d), 6121(e), and 6133(g) of the ESEA on the use of funds for administrative purposes shall apply only to direct administrative costs: Provided further, That the Secretary may make awards under subpart 3 of Part A of title VI without regard to the funding limitation in section 6133(b)(1) of the ESEA: Provided further, That notwithstanding sections 6132(c)(2) and 6133(d)(1) of such Act, the Secretary may make such awards for a period of up to five years.

Note.—A full-year 2022 appropriation for this account was not enacted at the time the Budget was prepared; therefore, the Budget assumes this account is operating under the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2022 (Division A of Public Law 117–43, as amended). The amounts included for 2022 reflect the annualized level provided by the continuing resolution.

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0101–0–1–501 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Obligations by program activity:
0001 Grants to local educational agencies 105 105 105
0002 Special programs for Indian children 68 68 68
0003 National activities 8 8 8
0004 Tribal Education Agencies 6 6



0900 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts 181 187 187

Budgetary resources:
Unobligated balance:
1000 Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1 20 14
Budget authority:
Appropriations, discretionary:
1100 Appropriation 181 181 186
Appropriations, mandatory:
1200 Appropriation 20
1900 Budget authority (total) 201 181 186
1930 Total budgetary resources available 201 201 200
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941 Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year 20 14 13

Change in obligated balance:
Unpaid obligations:
3000 Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1 232 244 202
3010 New obligations, unexpired accounts 181 187 187
3020 Outlays (gross) –164 –229 –188
3041 Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, expired –5



3050 Unpaid obligations, end of year 244 202 201
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100 Obligated balance, start of year 232 244 202
3200 Obligated balance, end of year 244 202 201

Budget authority and outlays, net:
Discretionary:
4000 Budget authority, gross 181 181 186
Outlays, gross:
4010 Outlays from new discretionary authority 3 9 9
4011 Outlays from discretionary balances 161 207 172



4020 Outlays, gross (total) 164 216 181
Mandatory:
4090 Budget authority, gross 20
Outlays, gross:
4101 Outlays from mandatory balances 13 7
4180 Budget authority, net (total) 201 181 186
4190 Outlays, net (total) 164 229 188

The Indian Education programs support the efforts of local educational agencies (LEAs), Tribes, and Indian organizations to improve teaching and learning for the Nation's American Indian and Alaska Native children.

Grants to local educational agencies.—Formula grants support LEAs in their efforts to enhance and supplement elementary and secondary school programs that serve Indian students, with the goal of ensuring that such programs assist participating students in meeting the same academic standards as all other students.

Special programs for Indian children.—Funds support awards under the Demonstration Grants authority including for Native Youth Community Projects and projects expanding educational opportunity, as well as professional development grants for training Native American teachers and administrators for employment in school districts that serve a high proportion of Indian students.

National activities.—Funds support research, evaluation, data collection, and related activities, grants for Native language immersion schools and programs, and grants to Tribes to create Tribal educational agencies and to expand the capacity of existing Tribal educational agencies through education administrative planning, development, and coordination.

Tribal education agencies.—Funds support awards to Tribal education agencies to improve educational opportunities and achievement of Indian children and youth.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0101–0–1–501 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Direct obligations:
25.2 Other services from non-Federal sources 3 3 3
25.7 Operation and maintenance of equipment 1 1 1
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and contributions 177 183 183



99.9 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts 181 187 187

Office of Innovation and Improvement

Federal Funds

Innovation and improvement

For carrying out activities authorized by subparts 1, 3 and 4 of part B of title II, and parts C, D, and E and subparts 1 and 4 of part F of title IV of the ESEA, $1,472,000,000: Provided, That $280,500,000 shall be for subparts 1, 3 and 4 of part B of title II and shall be made available without regard to sections 2201, 2231(b) and 2241: Provided further, That $677,500,000 shall be for parts C, D, and E and subpart 4 of part F of title IV, and shall be made available without regard to sections 4311, 4409(a), and 4601 of the ESEA: Provided further, That section 4303(d)(3)(A)(i) shall not apply to the funds available for part C of title IV: Provided further, That of the funds available for part C of title IV, the Secretary shall use not less than $330,000,000 to carry out sections 4303, 4305(a)(2), and 4305(b): Provided further, That the funds for section 4305(b) shall remain available through March 31, 2024: Provided further, That none of the funds available for part C of title IV may be used by the Secretary to make new awards that support any charter school, whether as a grantee or subgrantee or otherwise as a recipient of financing or other financial assistance, that is operated or managed by a for-profit education management organization or other similar for-profit entity, including through a contract with such an organization or entity, except that this proviso does not limit the ability of a charter school to contract with a for-profit entity for discrete purposes other than managing or operating the charter school, such as providing food services or payroll services: Provided further, That notwithstanding section 4601(b), $514,000,000 shall be available through December 31, 2023 for subpart 1 of part F of title IV.

Note.—A full-year 2022 appropriation for this account was not enacted at the time the Budget was prepared; therefore, the Budget assumes this account is operating under the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2022 (Division A of Public Law 117–43, as amended). The amounts included for 2022 reflect the annualized level provided by the continuing resolution.

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0204–0–1–501 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Obligations by program activity:
0001 Education, innovation and research 192 194 514
0002 Teacher and school leader incentive fund 200 200 150
0003 American history and civics 5 5 11
0004 Supporting effective educator development (SEED) 80 80 80
0005 Charter schools 408 439 440
0006 Magnet schools 109 109 149
0007 Ready to learn programming 30 30 30
0008 Arts in education 31 31 31
0009 Javits gifted and talented education 13 13 13
0010 Statewide family engagement centers 12 12 15
0011 School leader recruitment and support 40



0799 Total direct obligations 1,080 1,113 1,473
0801 DC schools/SOAR Act 52 53 53



0900 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts 1,132 1,166 1,526

Budgetary resources:
Unobligated balance:
1000 Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1 296 331 332
Budget authority:
Appropriations, discretionary:
1100 Appropriation 1,114 1,114 1,472
Spending authority from offsetting collections, discretionary:
1700 Collected 53 53 53
1900 Budget authority (total) 1,167 1,167 1,525
1930 Total budgetary resources available 1,463 1,498 1,857
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941 Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year 331 332 331

Change in obligated balance:
Unpaid obligations:
3000 Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1 2,430 2,564 2,301
3010 New obligations, unexpired accounts 1,132 1,166 1,526
3011 Obligations ("upward adjustments"), expired accounts 4
3020 Outlays (gross) –946 –1,429 –1,307
3041 Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, expired –56



3050 Unpaid obligations, end of year 2,564 2,301 2,520
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100 Obligated balance, start of year 2,430 2,564 2,301
3200 Obligated balance, end of year 2,564 2,301 2,520

Budget authority and outlays, net:
Discretionary:
4000 Budget authority, gross 1,167 1,167 1,525
Outlays, gross:
4010 Outlays from new discretionary authority 19 75 82
4011 Outlays from discretionary balances 927 1,354 1,225



4020 Outlays, gross (total) 946 1,429 1,307
Offsets against gross budget authority and outlays:
Offsetting collections (collected) from:
4033 Non-Federal sources –53 –53 –53
4180 Budget authority, net (total) 1,114 1,114 1,472
4190 Outlays, net (total) 893 1,376 1,254

Summary of Budget Authority and Outlays (in millions of dollars)


2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Enacted/requested:
Budget Authority 1,114 1,114 1,472
Outlays 893 1,376 1,254
Legislative proposal, not subject to PAYGO:
Budget Authority 100
Outlays 2
Total:
Budget Authority 1,114 1,114 1,572
Outlays 893 1,376 1,256

Education innovation and research.—Funds would support competitive grants for the creation, development, implementation, replication, and scaling up of evidence-based, field-initiated innovations designed to improve student achievement and attainment for high-need students.

Teacher and school leader incentive fund.—Funds would support competitive grants to help eligible entities develop, implement, improve, or expand human capital management systems or performance-based compensation systems in schools served by those entities.

American history and civics.—Funds would support competitive grants to institutions of higher education and other entities with demonstrated expertise to improve the quality of teaching and learning in American history, civics, and government.

Supporting effective educator development (SEED).—Funds would support competitive grants to institutions of higher education, national nonprofit entities, and the BIE to provide educators with evidence-based professional development and to support pathways that allow educators with nontraditional preparation and certification to obtain employment in traditionally underserved local educational agencies.

Charter schools.—Funds would support competitive grants for the opening of new charter schools and the replication and expansion of high-quality charter schools. Funds would also support information dissemination activities and competitive grants to improve charter schools' access to facilities.

Magnet schools.—Funds would support competitive grants to local educational agencies to establish and operate magnet school programs that are part of an approved desegregation plan.

Ready to learn programming.—Funds would support competitive grants to public telecommunications entities to develop and distribute educational video programming and digital content, such as applications and online educational games, for preschool and elementary school children and their parents, caregivers, and teachers to facilitate student academic achievement.

Arts in education.—Funds would support projects and programs to promote arts education for students, including disadvantaged students, through competitive grants to support development and dissemination of instructional materials, programming, and professional development for arts educators.

Javits gifted and talented education.—Funds would support a coordinated program of research, demonstration projects, innovative strategies, and other activities to build and enhance the capacity of elementary and secondary schools to identify gifted and talented students and meet their special educational needs.

Statewide family engagement centers.—Funds would support competitive grants to statewide organizations to carry out parent education and family engagement programs and provide comprehensive technical assistance to State and local educational agencies and organizations that support family-school partnerships.

School leader recruitment and support.—Funds would support grants to improve the recruitment, preparation, placement, support, and retention of effective principals and other school leaders in high-need schools.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0204–0–1–501 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Direct obligations:
25.2 Other services from non-Federal sources 21 21 22
25.3 Other goods and services from Federal sources 1 1 1
25.5 Research and development contracts 1 1 1
25.7 Operation and maintenance of equipment 1 1 1
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and contributions 1,056 1,089 1,448



99.0 Direct obligations 1,080 1,113 1,473
99.0 Reimbursable obligations 52 53 53



99.9 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts 1,132 1,166 1,526

Innovation and Improvement

(Legislative proposal, not subject to PAYGO)

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0204–2–1–501 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Obligations by program activity:
0001 Fostering diverse schools 100

Budgetary resources:
Budget authority:
Appropriations, discretionary:
1100 Appropriation 100
1930 Total budgetary resources available 100

Change in obligated balance:
Unpaid obligations:
3010 New obligations, unexpired accounts 100
3020 Outlays (gross) –2



3050 Unpaid obligations, end of year 98
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3200 Obligated balance, end of year 98

Budget authority and outlays, net:
Discretionary:
4000 Budget authority, gross 100
Outlays, gross:
4010 Outlays from new discretionary authority 2
4180 Budget authority, net (total) 100
4190 Outlays, net (total) 2

Fostering diverse schools.—Funds would support competitive grants to local educational agencies and partner entities for activities to improve racial and socioeconomic diversity in pre-kindergarten through grade twelve.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0204–2–1–501 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Direct obligations:
25.2 Other services from non-Federal sources 10
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and contributions 90



99.9 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts 100

Office of English Language Acquisition

Federal Funds

English language acquisition

For carrying out part A of title III of the ESEA, $1,075,000,000, which shall become available on July 1, 2023, and shall remain available through September 30, 2024, except that 6.5 percent of such amount shall be available on October 1, 2022, and shall remain available through September 30, 2024, to carry out activities under section 3111(c)(1)(C): Provided, That the Secretary may reserve up to 2 percent of such amount for technical assistance and capacity building: Provided further, That $50,000,000 of the funds made available under this heading shall become available on October 1, 2022, and shall remain available through September 30, 2024 for supplemental awards to State educational agencies in States with local educational agencies that have enrolled at least 100 immigrant children and youth since January 1, 2021, and in States with at least one county where 50 or more unaccompanied children have been released to sponsors since January 1, 2021, from the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Refugee Resettlement: Provided further, That the Secretary may establish requirements for determining the allocation of such funds.

Note.—A full-year 2022 appropriation for this account was not enacted at the time the Budget was prepared; therefore, the Budget assumes this account is operating under the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2022 (Division A of Public Law 117–43, as amended). The amounts included for 2022 reflect the annualized level provided by the continuing resolution.

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–1300–0–1–501 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Obligations by program activity:
0001 English language acquisition grants 795 797 1,075

Budgetary resources:
Unobligated balance:
1000 Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1 10 12 12
Budget authority:
Appropriations, discretionary:
1100 Appropriation 797 797 1,075
1930 Total budgetary resources available 807 809 1,087
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941 Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year 12 12 12

Change in obligated balance:
Unpaid obligations:
3000 Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1 1,189 1,311 1,222
3010 New obligations, unexpired accounts 795 797 1,075
3020 Outlays (gross) –672 –886 –804
3041 Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, expired –1



3050 Unpaid obligations, end of year 1,311 1,222 1,493
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100 Obligated balance, start of year 1,189 1,311 1,222
3200 Obligated balance, end of year 1,311 1,222 1,493

Budget authority and outlays, net:
Discretionary:
4000 Budget authority, gross 797 797 1,075
Outlays, gross:
4010 Outlays from new discretionary authority 3 8 11
4011 Outlays from discretionary balances 669 878 793



4020 Outlays, gross (total) 672 886 804
4180 Budget authority, net (total) 797 797 1,075
4190 Outlays, net (total) 672 886 804

English language acquisition grants.—This program supports formula grants to States to improve services for English Learners. States are accountable for demonstrating that English Learners are making progress toward proficiency in English and meeting the same high State academic standards as all other students. Funds also support national activities, including professional development to increase the supply of high-quality teachers of English Learners and a national information clearinghouse on English language acquisition.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–1300–0–1–501 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Direct obligations:
25.2 Other services from non-Federal sources 2 2 2
25.5 Research and development contracts 3 3 3
25.7 Operation and maintenance of equipment 1 1 1
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and contributions 789 791 1,069



99.0 Direct obligations 795 797 1,075



99.9 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts 795 797 1,075

Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services

Federal Funds

Special education

For carrying out the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and the Special Olympics Sport and Empowerment Act of 2004, $18,130,170,000, of which $8,410,430,000 shall become available on July 1, 2023, and shall remain available through September 30, 2024, and of which $9,283,383,000 shall become available on October 1, 2023, and shall remain available through September 30, 2024, for academic year 2023–2024: Provided, That the amount for section 611(b)(2) of the IDEA shall be equal to the lesser of the amount available for that activity during fiscal year 2022, increased by the amount of inflation as specified in section 619(d)(2)(B) of the IDEA, or the percent change in the funds appropriated under section 611(i) of the IDEA, but not less than the amount for that activity during fiscal year 2022: Provided further, That the Secretary shall, without regard to section 611(d) of the IDEA, distribute to all other States (as that term is defined in section 611(g)(2)), subject to the third proviso, any amount by which a State's allocation under section 611, from funds appropriated under this heading, is reduced under section 612(a)(18)(B), according to the following: 85 percent on the basis of the States' relative populations of children aged 3 through 21 who are of the same age as children with disabilities for whom the State ensures the availability of a free appropriate public education under this part, and 15 percent to States on the basis of the States' relative populations of those children who are living in poverty: Provided further, That the Secretary may not distribute any funds under the previous proviso to any State whose reduction in allocation from funds appropriated under this heading made funds available for such a distribution: Provided further, That the States shall allocate such funds distributed under the second proviso to local educational agencies in accordance with section 611(f): Provided further, That the amount by which a State's allocation under section 611(d) of the IDEA is reduced under section 612(a)(18)(B) and the amounts distributed to States under the previous provisos in fiscal year 2012 or any subsequent year shall not be considered in calculating the awards under section 611(d) for fiscal year 2013 or for any subsequent fiscal years: Provided further, That, notwithstanding the provision in section 612(a)(18)(B) regarding the fiscal year in which a State's allocation under section 611(d) is reduced for failure to comply with the requirement of section 612(a)(18)(A), the Secretary may apply the reduction specified in section 612(a)(18)(B) over a period of consecutive fiscal years, not to exceed 5, until the entire reduction is applied: Provided further, That the Secretary may, in any fiscal year in which a State's allocation under section 611 is reduced in accordance with section 612(a)(18)(B), reduce the amount a State may reserve under section 611(e)(1) by an amount that bears the same relation to the maximum amount described in that paragraph as the reduction under section 612(a)(18)(B) bears to the total allocation the State would have received in that fiscal year under section 611(d) in the absence of the reduction: Provided further, That the Secretary shall either reduce the allocation of funds under section 611 for any fiscal year following the fiscal year for which the State fails to comply with the requirement of section 612(a)(18)(A) as authorized by section 612(a)(18)(B), or seek to recover funds under section 452 of the General Education Provisions Act (20 U.S.C. 1234a): Provided further, That the funds reserved under 611(c) of the IDEA may be used to provide technical assistance to States to improve the capacity of the States to meet the data collection requirements of sections 616 and 618 and to administer and carry out other services and activities to improve data collection, coordination, quality, and use under parts B and C of the IDEA: Provided further, That the Secretary may use funds made available for the State Personnel Development Grants program under part D, subpart 1 of IDEA to evaluate program performance under such subpart: Provided further, That States may use funds reserved for other State-level activities under sections 611(e)(2) and 619(f) of the IDEA to make subgrants to local educational agencies, institutions of higher education, other public agencies, and private non-profit organizations to carry out activities authorized by those sections: Provided further, That, notwithstanding section 643(e)(1) of the IDEA, the Secretary may reserve up to $200,000,000 of the funds appropriated under Part C of the IDEA to provide grants to States that are either carrying out the policy described in sections 632(5)(B)(ii) and 635(c) or are serving at-risk infants and toddlers as defined in section 632(1) and 632(5)(B)(i) in order to facilitate the implementation of such policy: Provided further, That, notwithstanding section 643(e)(2)(A) of the IDEA, if 5 or fewer States apply for grants pursuant to section 643(e) of such Act, the Secretary shall provide a grant to each State in an amount equal to the maximum amount described in section 643(e)(2)(B) of such Act: Provided further, That if more than 5 States apply for grants pursuant to section 643(e) of the IDEA, the Secretary shall award funds to those States on the basis of the States' relative populations of infants and toddlers except that no such State shall receive a grant in excess of the amount described in section 643(e)(2)(B) of such Act: Provided further, That States may use funds allotted under section 643(c) of the IDEA to make subgrants to early intervention service providers to carry out activities authorized by section 638 of IDEA: Provided further, That, notwithstanding section 638 of the IDEA, any State receiving a grant under section 633 of the IDEA must reserve not less than ten percent of its award for use in a manner described in a State plan, approved by the Secretary, to ensure equitable access to and participation in Part C services in the State, particularly for populations that have been traditionally underrepresented in the program: Provided further, That, notwithstanding section 632(4)(B) of the IDEA, a State receiving a grant under section 633 of the IDEA may establish a system of payments but may not include in that system family fees or out-of-pocket costs to families for early intervention services: Provided further, That any State seeking to amend its eligibility criteria under section 635(a)(1) of the IDEA in such a way that would have the effect of reducing the number of infants and families who are eligible under Part C must conduct public participation under section 637(a)(8) of the IDEA at least 24 months prior to implementing such a change: Provided further, That, notwithstanding section 638 of the IDEA, a State may use funds it receives under section 633 of the IDEA to offer continued early intervention services to a child who previously received services under Part C of the IDEA from age three until the beginning of the school year following the child's third birthday without regard to the procedures described in section 635(c) of the IDEA: Provided further, That, notwithstanding section 643(c) of the IDEA, the Secretary shall allot, from the funds remaining for each fiscal year after the reservation and payments under subsections (a), (b), and (e) of section 643, to each State (as that term is defined in section 643(c)(4)(B)) according to the following: 85 percent on the basis of the State's relative population of infants and toddlers and 15 percent on the basis of the State's relative population of such children who are living in poverty, except that no State shall receive less than 90 percent of the amount it received in the preceding fiscal year: Provided further, That, notwithstanding section 638 of the IDEA, a State may use funds appropriated under Part C of the IDEA to conduct child find, public awareness and referral activities for an individual who is expected to become a parent of an infant with a disability (as that term is defined in section 632(5)), as established by medical or other records: Provided further, That any State electing to use funds under the preceding proviso shall ensure, that as soon as possible but not later than 45 days after the child's birth, it completes the referral and eligibility process under this part for that child: Provided further, That, notwithstanding section 611 of the IDEA, the Secretary may reserve up to $5,000,000 to study issues related to the creation and implementation of a comprehensive system of services and supports for children with disabilities from birth through age five.

Note.—A full-year 2022 appropriation for this account was not enacted at the time the Budget was prepared; therefore, the Budget assumes this account is operating under the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2022 (Division A of Public Law 117–43, as amended). The amounts included for 2022 reflect the annualized level provided by the continuing resolution.

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0300–0–1–501 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Obligations by program activity:
0001 Grants to States 15,514 12,904 16,259
0002 Preschool grants 598 398 503
0003 Grants for infants and families 703 512 932



0091 Subtotal, State grants 16,815 13,814 17,694
0101 State personnel development 39 39 39
0102 Technical assistance and dissemination 44 54 49
0103 Personnel preparation 90 90 250
0104 Parent information centers 27 27 45
0105 Educational technology, media, and materials 29 29 29



0191 Subtotal, National activities 229 239 412
0201 Special Olympics education program 24 24 24



0900 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts 17,068 14,077 18,130

Budgetary resources:
Unobligated balance:
1000 Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1 8 40 33
1001 Discretionary unobligated balance brought fwd, Oct 1 8
Budget authority:
Appropriations, discretionary:
1100 Appropriation 4,787 4,787 8,847
Advance appropriations, discretionary:
1170 Advance appropriation 9,283 9,283 9,283
Appropriations, mandatory:
1200 Appropriation 3,030
1900 Budget authority (total) 17,100 14,070 18,130
1930 Total budgetary resources available 17,108 14,110 18,163
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941 Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year 40 33 33

Change in obligated balance:
Unpaid obligations:
3000 Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1 9,156 13,460 8,959
3010 New obligations, unexpired accounts 17,068 14,077 18,130
3020 Outlays (gross) –12,757 –18,578 –14,554
3041 Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, expired –7



3050 Unpaid obligations, end of year 13,460 8,959 12,535
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100 Obligated balance, start of year 9,156 13,460 8,959
3200 Obligated balance, end of year 13,460 8,959 12,535

Budget authority and outlays, net:
Discretionary:
4000 Budget authority, gross 14,070 14,070 18,130
Outlays, gross:
4010 Outlays from new discretionary authority 4,974 6,357 6,552
4011 Outlays from discretionary balances 7,782 9,511 7,747



4020 Outlays, gross (total) 12,756 15,868 14,299
Mandatory:
4090 Budget authority, gross 3,030
Outlays, gross:
4100 Outlays from new mandatory authority 1
4101 Outlays from mandatory balances 2,710 255



4110 Outlays, gross (total) 1 2,710 255
4180 Budget authority, net (total) 17,100 14,070 18,130
4190 Outlays, net (total) 12,757 18,578 14,554

SUMMARY OF IDEA FORMULA GRANTS PROGRAM LEVELS (in millions of dollars)


2021–2022 Academic Year 2022–2023 Academic Year 2023–2024 Academic Year

Current Budget Authority $4,534 $4,534 $8,411
Advance appropriation 9,283 9,283 9,283
Total program level 13,817 13,817 17,694
Change in advance appropriation from the previous year 0 0 0

Grants to States.—Formula grants are provided to States to assist them in providing special education and related services to children with disabilities ages 3 through 21.

Preschool grants.—Formula grants provide additional funds to States to further assist them in providing special education and related services to children with disabilities ages 3 through 5 served under the Grants to States program.

The goal of both the Grants to States and the Preschool grants programs is to improve results for children with disabilities by assisting State and local educational agencies (LEAs) to provide children with disabilities with access to high quality education that will help them meet challenging standards and prepare them for employment and independent living. LEAs may reserve up to 15 percent of the funds they receive under Part B of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act to provide comprehensive coordinated early intervening services to children age 3 through grade 12.

Grants for infants and families.—Formula grants are provided to assist States to implement statewide systems of coordinated, comprehensive, multi-disciplinary interagency programs to provide early intervention services to children with disabilities, birth through age two, and their families. The goal of this program is to help States provide a comprehensive system of early intervention services that will enhance child and family outcomes.

National activities.—Funds are provided for personnel preparation and development, technical assistance, and other activities to support State efforts to improve results for children with disabilities under the State Grants programs. The goal of National Activities is to link States, school systems, and families to best practices to improve results for infants, toddlers, and children with disabilities.

Special Olympics education programs.—Funds are provided to promote the expansion of the Special Olympics and the design and implementation of Special Olympics education programs.


Object Classification (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0300–0–1–501 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Direct obligations:
25.2 Other services from non-Federal sources 1 1 1
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and contributions 17,067 14,076 18,129



99.0 Direct obligations 17,068 14,077 18,130



99.9 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts 17,068 14,077 18,130

Rehabilitation services

For carrying out, to the extent not otherwise provided, the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, the Helen Keller National Center Act, and the Randolph-Sheppard Act, $4,125,906,000, of which $3,949,707,000 shall be for grants for vocational rehabilitation services under title I of the Rehabilitation Act: Provided, That the Secretary may use amounts provided in this Act that remain available subsequent to the reallotment of funds to States pursuant to section 110(b) of the Rehabilitation Act for innovative activities aimed at increasing competitive integrated employment as defined in section 7 of such Act for youth and other individuals with disabilities: Provided further, That up to 15 percent of the amounts made available by this or prior Acts for innovative activities as described in the preceding proviso may be used for evaluation and technical assistance related to such activities: Provided further, That States may award subgrants for a portion of the funds to other public and private, nonprofit entities: Provided further, That any funds made available subsequent to reallotment for innovative activities aimed at improving the outcomes of individuals with disabilities shall remain available until September 30, 2024: Provided further, That, notwithstanding the provision in section 111(a)(2)(B) of the Rehabilitation Act regarding a fiscal year in which a States' allotment under section 110(a) is reduced for failure to comply with the requirement of section 111(a)(2)(B), the Secretary may apply the reduction specified in section 111(a)(2)(B) over a period of consecutive fiscal years, not to exceed 5, until the entire reduction is applied: Provided further, That, from amounts provided under this heading, the Secretary shall use $500,000 for a grant to provide training and technical assistance to support implementation of the Randolph-Sheppard Act.

Note.—A full-year 2022 appropriation for this account was not enacted at the time the Budget was prepared; therefore, the Budget assumes this account is operating under the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2022 (Division A of Public Law 117–43, as amended). The amounts included for 2022 reflect the annualized level provided by the continuing resolution.

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0301–0–1–506 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Obligations by program activity:
0001 Vocational rehabilitation State grants 3,416 3,684 3,725
0002 Client assistance State grants 13 13 13
0003 Supported employment State grants 23 23 23
0004 Training 29 29 29
0005 Demonstration and Training Programs 6 6 41
0006 Independent living services for older blind individuals 33 33 33
0007 Protection and advocacy of individual rights 18 18 18
0008 Helen Keller National Center 17 17 18
0009 Randolph-Sheppard Vending Facility Program 1



0100 Total direct program 3,555 3,823 3,901



0900 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts 3,555 3,823 3,901

Budgetary resources:
Unobligated balance:
1012 Unobligated balance transfers between expired and unexpired accounts 130 177
Budget authority:
Appropriations, discretionary:
1100 Appropriation 139 139 176
Appropriations, mandatory:
1200 Appropriation 3,675 3,719 3,950
1230 Appropriations and/or unobligated balance of appropriations permanently reduced –209 –212 –225



1260 Appropriations, mandatory (total) 3,466 3,507 3,725
1900 Budget authority (total) 3,605 3,646 3,901
1930 Total budgetary resources available 3,735 3,823 3,901
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1940 Unobligated balance expiring –180

Change in obligated balance:
Unpaid obligations:
3000 Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1 2,486 3,046 2,103
3010 New obligations, unexpired accounts 3,555 3,823 3,901
3011 Obligations ("upward adjustments"), expired accounts 1
3020 Outlays (gross) –2,908 –4,766 –3,819
3041 Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, expired –88



3050 Unpaid obligations, end of year 3,046 2,103 2,185
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100 Obligated balance, start of year 2,486 3,046 2,103
3200 Obligated balance, end of year 3,046 2,103 2,185

Budget authority and outlays, net:
Discretionary:
4000 Budget authority, gross 139 139 176
Outlays, gross:
4010 Outlays from new discretionary authority 59 70 88
4011 Outlays from discretionary balances 101 166 71



4020 Outlays, gross (total) 160 236 159
Mandatory:
4090 Budget authority, gross 3,466 3,507 3,725
Outlays, gross:
4100 Outlays from new mandatory authority 1,093 1,754 1,862
4101 Outlays from mandatory balances 1,655 2,776 1,798



4110 Outlays, gross (total) 2,748 4,530 3,660
4180 Budget authority, net (total) 3,605 3,646 3,901
4190 Outlays, net (total) 2,908 4,766 3,819

Vocational rehabilitation State grants.—The basic State grants program provides Federal matching funds to State vocational rehabilitation (VR) agencies to assist individuals with disabilities to become gainfully employed. Services are tailored to the specific needs of the individual. Priority is given to serving those with the most significant disabilities. In 2021, State VR agencies assisted an estimated 112,445 individuals with disabilities to obtain an employment outcome, about 92 percent of whom were individuals with significant disabilities. VR State Grants is a core program of the workforce development system under the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) and a required partner in the one-stop service delivery system for accessing employment and training services. Amendments made by WIOA require State VR agencies to reserve and use at least 15 percent of their Federal grant allotment to support pre-employment transition services for students with disabilities provided in accordance with section 113 of the Rehabilitation Act. Between 1.0 percent and 1.5 percent of the funds appropriated for the VR State grants program must be set aside for the American Indian Vocational Rehabilitation Services Program. The request for the VR State Grants program includes the CPIU adjustment specified in the authorizing statute.

Client assistance State grants.—Formula grants are made to States to provide assistance in informing and advising clients and applicants about benefits available under the Rehabilitation Act and, if requested, to pursue legal or administrative remedies to ensure the protection of the rights of individuals with disabilities.

Supported employment State grants.—Formula grants are made to State VR agencies to provide supported employment services for individuals with the most significant disabilities.

Training.—Grants are made to States and public or nonprofit agencies and organizations, including institutions of higher education, to increase the number of skilled personnel available for employment in the field of rehabilitation and to upgrade the skills of those already employed.

Demonstration and training programs.—Competitive grants and contracts are awarded to expand and improve the provision and effectiveness of programs and services authorized under the Rehabilitation Act or further the purposes of the Act in promoting the employment and independence of individuals with disabilities in the community. Funds are used to support model demonstrations, technical assistance, and projects designed to improve program performance and the delivery of vocational rehabilitation and independent living services.

Independent living services for older individuals who are blind.—Grants are awarded to States to assist individuals over the age of 55 with severe visual disabilities to adjust to their disability and increase their ability to care for their own needs.

Protection and advocacy of individual rights.—Formula grants are made to State protection and advocacy systems to protect the legal and human rights of individuals with disabilities.

Helen Keller National Center for Deaf-Blind Youths and Adults.—The Center provides services to deaf-blind youths and adults and provides training and technical assistance to professional and allied personnel at its national headquarters center and through its regional representatives and affiliate agencies.

Randolph-Sheppard Vending Facility Program.—The Vending Facility program authorized by the Randolph-Sheppard Act provides persons who are blind with remunerative employment and self-support through the operation of vending facilities on federal and other property. This award would support a technical assistance center to provide training and technical assistance to State licensing agencies and blind vendors.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0301–0–1–506 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Direct obligations:
25.1 Advisory and assistance services 1 1 1
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and contributions 3,554 3,822 3,900



99.9 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts 3,555 3,823 3,901

AMERICAN PRINTING HOUSE FOR THE BLIND

For carrying out the Act to Promote the Education of the Blind of March 3, 1879, $37,431,000.

Note.—A full-year 2022 appropriation for this account was not enacted at the time the Budget was prepared; therefore, the Budget assumes this account is operating under the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2022 (Division A of Public Law 117–43, as amended). The amounts included for 2022 reflect the annualized level provided by the continuing resolution.

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0600–0–1–501 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Obligations by program activity:
0001 American printing house for the blind 34 34 37



0900 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts (object class 41.0) 34 34 37

Budgetary resources:
Budget authority:
Appropriations, discretionary:
1100 Appropriation 34 34 37
1930 Total budgetary resources available 34 34 37

Change in obligated balance:
Unpaid obligations:
3000 Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1 11 13 9
3010 New obligations, unexpired accounts 34 34 37
3020 Outlays (gross) –32 –38 –36



3050 Unpaid obligations, end of year 13 9 10
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100 Obligated balance, start of year 11 13 9
3200 Obligated balance, end of year 13 9 10

Budget authority and outlays, net:
Discretionary:
4000 Budget authority, gross 34 34 37
Outlays, gross:
4010 Outlays from new discretionary authority 22 26 28
4011 Outlays from discretionary balances 10 12 8



4020 Outlays, gross (total) 32 38 36
4180 Budget authority, net (total) 34 34 37
4190 Outlays, net (total) 32 38 36

The 2023 request supports: the production and distribution of free educational materials for students below the college level who are blind; research related to developing and improving products; and advisory services to consumer organizations on the availability and use of materials. In 2021, the portion of the Federal appropriation allocated to educational materials represented approximately64 percent of the Printing House's total sales. The full 2021 appropriation represented approximately 69 percent of the Printing House's total actual revenue. The 2023 request is expected to be allocated in a similar manner.

NATIONAL TECHNICAL INSTITUTE FOR THE DEAF

For the National Technical Institute for the Deaf under titles I and II of the Education of the Deaf Act of 1986, $84,500,000: Provided, That from the total amount available, the Institute may at its discretion use funds for the endowment program as authorized under section 207 of such Act.

Note.—A full-year 2022 appropriation for this account was not enacted at the time the Budget was prepared; therefore, the Budget assumes this account is operating under the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2022 (Division A of Public Law 117–43, as amended). The amounts included for 2022 reflect the annualized level provided by the continuing resolution.

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0601–0–1–502 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Obligations by program activity:
0001 Operations 112 82 85



0900 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts (object class 41.0) 112 82 85

Budgetary resources:
Budget authority:
Appropriations, discretionary:
1100 Appropriation 93 82 85
Appropriations, mandatory:
1200 Appropriation 19
1900 Budget authority (total) 112 82 85
1930 Total budgetary resources available 112 82 85

Change in obligated balance:
Unpaid obligations:
3000 Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1 9 35 10
3010 New obligations, unexpired accounts 112 82 85
3020 Outlays (gross) –86 –107 –92



3050 Unpaid obligations, end of year 35 10 3
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100 Obligated balance, start of year 9 35 10
3200 Obligated balance, end of year 35 10 3

Budget authority and outlays, net:
Discretionary:
4000 Budget authority, gross 93 82 85
Outlays, gross:
4010 Outlays from new discretionary authority 81 81 84
4011 Outlays from discretionary balances 5 14 1



4020 Outlays, gross (total) 86 95 85
Mandatory:
4090 Budget authority, gross 19
Outlays, gross:
4101 Outlays from mandatory balances 12 7
4180 Budget authority, net (total) 112 82 85
4190 Outlays, net (total) 86 107 92

This program provides postsecondary technical and professional education for individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing, provides training, and conducts applied research into employment-related aspects of deafness. In 2021, the Federal appropriation represented approximately 84 percent of the Institute's operating budget. The 2023 request includes funds that may be used for the Endowment Grant program.

GALLAUDET UNIVERSITY

For the Kendall Demonstration Elementary School, the Model Secondary School for the Deaf, and the partial support of Gallaudet University under titles I and II of the Education of the Deaf Act of 1986, $143,361,000: Provided, That from the total amount available, the University may at its discretion use funds for the endowment program as authorized under section 207 of such Act.

Note.—A full-year 2022 appropriation for this account was not enacted at the time the Budget was prepared; therefore, the Budget assumes this account is operating under the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2022 (Division A of Public Law 117–43, as amended). The amounts included for 2022 reflect the annualized level provided by the continuing resolution.

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0602–0–1–502 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Obligations by program activity:
0001 Operations 170 140 143



0900 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts (object class 41.0) 170 140 143

Budgetary resources:
Budget authority:
Appropriations, discretionary:
1100 Appropriation 151 140 143
Appropriations, mandatory:
1200 Appropriation 19
1900 Budget authority (total) 170 140 143
1930 Total budgetary resources available 170 140 143

Change in obligated balance:
Unpaid obligations:
3000 Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1 23 36 3
3010 New obligations, unexpired accounts 170 140 143
3020 Outlays (gross) –157 –173 –143



3050 Unpaid obligations, end of year 36 3 3
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100 Obligated balance, start of year 23 36 3
3200 Obligated balance, end of year 36 3 3

Budget authority and outlays, net:
Discretionary:
4000 Budget authority, gross 151 140 143
Outlays, gross:
4010 Outlays from new discretionary authority 136 139 142
4011 Outlays from discretionary balances 21 34 1



4020 Outlays, gross (total) 157 173 143
Mandatory:
4090 Budget authority, gross 19
4180 Budget authority, net (total) 170 140 143
4190 Outlays, net (total) 157 173 143

This institution provides undergraduate, continuing education, and graduate programs for students who are deaf, hard of hearing, and hearing. The University also conducts basic and applied research and provides public service programs for persons with hearing loss and persons who work with them.

The University operates the Laurent Clerc National Deaf Education Center, which includes elementary and secondary education programs on the main campus of the University serving students who are deaf or hard of hearing. The Kendall Demonstration Elementary School serves students from birth through grade 8, and the Model Secondary School for the Deaf serves high school students in grades 9 through 12. The Clerc Center also develops and disseminates information on effective educational techniques and strategies for teachers and professionals working with students who are deaf or hard of hearing.

In 2021, the appropriation for Gallaudet represented approximately 72 percent of total revenue for the University. Approximately 24 percent of the Federal appropriation was used to support activities at the Clerc Center, which received nearly 100 percent of its revenue through the appropriation. In addition, the University receives other Federal funds such as student financial aid, vocational rehabilitation, Endowment Grant program income, and competitive grants and contracts. The 2023 request includes funds that may be used for the Endowment Grant program.

Office of Career, Technical, and Adult Education

Federal Funds

Career, technical, and adult education

For carrying out, to the extent not otherwise provided, the Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Act of 2006 ("Perkins Act") and the Adult Education and Family Literacy Act ("AEFLA"), $2,308,981,000, of which $1,517,981,000 shall become available on July 1, 2023, and shall remain available through September 30, 2024, and of which $791,000,000 shall become available on October 1, 2023, and shall remain available through September 30, 2024: Provided, That $200,000,000 shall be for competitive grants to consortia of local educational agencies, institutions of higher education, and employers to pilot evidence-based strategies to increase the integration and alignment of the last two years of high school and the first two years of postsecondary education to improve postsecondary and career outcomes for all students: Provided further, That of the amounts made available for AEFLA, $38,712,000 shall be for national leadership activities under section 242.

Note.—A full-year 2022 appropriation for this account was not enacted at the time the Budget was prepared; therefore, the Budget assumes this account is operating under the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2022 (Division A of Public Law 117–43, as amended). The amounts included for 2022 reflect the annualized level provided by the continuing resolution.

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0400–0–1–501 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Obligations by program activity:
0001 Career and Technical Education State Grants 1,334 1,334 1,355
0002 Career and Technical Education National Activities 8 8 215



0091 Subtotal, Career and Technical 1,342 1,342 1,570
0101 Adult Basic and Literacy Education State Grants 675 675 700
0102 Adult Education National Leadership Activities 14 14 39



0191 Subtotal, Adult Education 689 689 739



0900 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts 2,031 2,031 2,309

Budgetary resources:
Unobligated balance:
1000 Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1 21 20 20
Budget authority:
Appropriations, discretionary:
1100 Appropriation 1,240 1,240 1,518
Advance appropriations, discretionary:
1170 Advance appropriation 790 791 791
1900 Budget authority (total) 2,030 2,031 2,309
1930 Total budgetary resources available 2,051 2,051 2,329
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941 Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year 20 20 20

Change in obligated balance:
Unpaid obligations:
3000 Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1 1,974 2,173 1,861
3010 New obligations, unexpired accounts 2,031 2,031 2,309
3020 Outlays (gross) –1,827 –2,343 –2,036
3041 Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, expired –5



3050 Unpaid obligations, end of year 2,173 1,861 2,134
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100 Obligated balance, start of year 1,974 2,173 1,861
3200 Obligated balance, end of year 2,173 1,861 2,134

Budget authority and outlays, net:
Discretionary:
4000 Budget authority, gross 2,030 2,031 2,309
Outlays, gross:
4010 Outlays from new discretionary authority 345 616 630
4011 Outlays from discretionary balances 1,482 1,727 1,406



4020 Outlays, gross (total) 1,827 2,343 2,036
4180 Budget authority, net (total) 2,030 2,031 2,309
4190 Outlays, net (total) 1,827 2,343 2,036

SUMMARY OF PROGRAM LEVEL (in millions of dollars)


2021–2022 Academic Year 2022–2023 Academic Year 2023–2024 Academic Year

New Budget Authority $1,240 $1,240 $1,518
Advance Appropriation 791 791 791
Total program level 2,031 2,031 2,309



Change in advance appropriation over previous year 0 0 0

Career and Technical Education:

Career and technical education State grants.—Funds support formula grants to States to expand and improve career and technical education (CTE) in high schools, technical schools, and community colleges under the Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Act of 2006, as amended.

Career and technical education national activities.—Funds support research, development, dissemination, evaluation, assessment, capacity building, and technical assistance activities aimed at improving the quality and effectiveness of CTE programs under the Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Act of 2006, as amended. A new career-connected high schools initiative would support competitive grants to consortia of local educational agencies, institutions of higher education, and employers to increase the integration and alignment of the last two years of high school and the first two years of postsecondary education to improve postsecondary and career outcomes for all students, including students of color and students from low-income backgrounds. Key activities would include dual enrollment in postsecondary-level core content and career-connected coursework; work-based learning opportunities connected to programs of study; attainment of in-demand, career-related credentials; high-quality counseling and career-navigation supports; and educator professional development to support effective integration of academic and career-connected instruction across grades 11–14.

Adult Education:

Adult basic and literacy education State grants.—Funds support formula grants to States to help eliminate functional illiteracy among the Nation's adults, to assist adults in obtaining a high school diploma or its equivalent, and to promote family literacy. A portion of the funds is reserved for formula grants to States to provide English literacy and civics education for immigrants and other limited English proficient adults.

Adult education national leadership activities.—Funds support discretionary activities to evaluate the effectiveness of Federal, State, and local adult education programs, to test and demonstrate methods of improving program quality, and to provide technical assistance to States. The 2023 request would support college bridge programs for adults without a high school diploma or its equivalent and activities to reduce equity gaps for disconnected youth without a high school diploma to help them attain a high school diploma or its equivalent.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0400–0–1–501 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Direct obligations:
25.1 Advisory and assistance services 15 15 25
25.2 Other services from non-Federal sources 3 3 3
25.3 Other goods and services from Federal sources 1 1 1
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and contributions 2,011 2,011 2,279



99.0 Direct obligations 2,030 2,030 2,308
99.5 Adjustment for rounding 1 1 1



99.9 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts 2,031 2,031 2,309

Office of Postsecondary Education

Federal Funds

Higher education

For carrying out, to the extent not otherwise provided, titles II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, and VIII of the HEA, the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961, and section 117 of the Perkins Act, $3,792,802,000: Provided, That notwithstanding any other provision of law, funds made available in this Act to carry out title VI of the HEA and section 102(b)(6) of the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 may be used to support visits and study in foreign countries by individuals who are participating in advanced foreign language training and international studies in areas that are vital to United States national security and who plan to apply their language skills and knowledge of these countries in the fields of government, the professions, or international development: Provided further, That of the funds referred to in the preceding proviso up to 1 percent may be used for program evaluation, national outreach, and information dissemination activities: Provided further, That up to 1.5 percent of the funds made available under chapter 2 of subpart 2 of part A of title IV of the HEA may be used for evaluation: Provided further, That section 313(d) of the HEA shall not apply to an institution of higher education that is eligible to receive funding under section 318 of the HEA: Provided further, That under the Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education, $450,000,000 shall be used to support 4-year institutions that are eligible to receive assistance under sections 316 through 320 of part A of title III, part B of title III, or title V of the HEA to build and expand institutional research and development infrastructure, and $110,000,000 shall be used for grants to eligible States and Tribal Colleges and Universities to implement institutional-level retention and completion reforms that improve student outcomes, including retention, transfer, and completion rates and labor market outcomes: Provided further, That amounts made available for carrying out section 419N of the HEA may be awarded notwithstanding the limitations in section 419N(b)(2) of the HEA.

Note.—A full-year 2022 appropriation for this account was not enacted at the time the Budget was prepared; therefore, the Budget assumes this account is operating under the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2022 (Division A of Public Law 117–43, as amended). The amounts included for 2022 reflect the annualized level provided by the continuing resolution.

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0201–0–1–502 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Obligations by program activity:
0001 Strengthening institutions 109 109 209
0002 Strengthening tribally controlled colleges and universities 64 66 53
0003 Strengthening Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian-serving institutions 31 33 25
0004 Strengthening historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) 416 418 403
0005 Strengthening historically Black graduate institutions 86 87 102
0007 Strengthening predominantly Black institutions 13 28 23
0008 Strengthening Asian American and Native American Pacific Islander-serving institutions 9 10 20
0009 Strengthening Native American-serving nontribal institutions 9 10 12
0010 Minority science and engineering improvement 12 11 18
0011 Strengthening historically Black masters programs 10 13 21



0091 Subtotal, aid for institutional development 759 785 886
0101 Developing Hispanic-serving institutions 147 243 237
0102 Developing Hispanic-serving institution STEM and articulation programs 93
0103 Promoting baccalaureate opportunities for Hispanic Americans 13 14 29
0104 International education and foreign language studies 76 78 78
0105 Model transition programs for students with intellectual disabilities 13 14 15
0106 Tribally controlled postsecondary career and technical institutions 10 11 11



0191 Subtotal, other aid for institutions 352 360 370
0201 Federal TRIO programs 1,096 1,097 1,298
0202 Gaining early awareness and readiness for undergraduate programs (GEAR UP) 366 368 408
0203 Graduate assistance in areas of national need 22 24 24
0204 Child care access means parents in school 55 55 95



0291 Subtotal, assistance for students 1,539 1,544 1,825
0301 Fund for the improvement of postsecondary education (FIPSE) 40 55 560
0302 Teacher quality partnerships 51 38 132
0303 Hawkins Centers of Excellence 20



0391 Assistance for students, subtotal 91 93 712



0900 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts 2,741 2,782 3,793

Budgetary resources:
Unobligated balance:
1000 Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1 25 61 193
1012 Unobligated balance transfers between expired and unexpired accounts 132 132 132



1070 Unobligated balance (total) 157 193 325
Budget authority:
Appropriations, discretionary:
1100 Appropriation 2,542 2,542 3,793
Appropriations, mandatory:
1200 Appropriation 255 255 255
1230 Appropriations and/or unobligated balance of appropriations permanently reduced –15 –15 –15



1260 Appropriations, mandatory (total) 240 240 240
1900 Budget authority (total) 2,782 2,782 4,033
1930 Total budgetary resources available 2,939 2,975 4,358
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1940 Unobligated balance expiring –137
1941 Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year 61 193 565

Change in obligated balance:
Unpaid obligations:
3000 Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1 3,867 4,173 4,107
3010 New obligations, unexpired accounts 2,741 2,782 3,793
3020 Outlays (gross) –2,409 –2,848 –2,985
3041 Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, expired –26



3050 Unpaid obligations, end of year 4,173 4,107 4,915
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100 Obligated balance, start of year 3,867 4,173 4,107
3200 Obligated balance, end of year 4,173 4,107 4,915

Budget authority and outlays, net:
Discretionary:
4000 Budget authority, gross 2,542 2,542 3,793
Outlays, gross:
4010 Outlays from new discretionary authority 16 76 114
4011 Outlays from discretionary balances 2,169 2,435 2,471



4020 Outlays, gross (total) 2,185 2,511 2,585
Mandatory:
4090 Budget authority, gross 240 240 240
Outlays, gross:
4100 Outlays from new mandatory authority 8 8
4101 Outlays from mandatory balances 224 329 392



4110 Outlays, gross (total) 224 337 400
4180 Budget authority, net (total) 2,782 2,782 4,033
4190 Outlays, net (total) 2,409 2,848 2,985

Aid for Institutional Development:

Strengthening institutions.—Funds support planning and development grants for improving academic programs and financial management at schools that enroll high proportions of disadvantaged students and have low per-student expenditures.

Strengthening tribally controlled colleges and universities.—Discretionary and mandatory funds support grants to American Indian tribally controlled colleges and universities with scarce resources to enable them to improve and expand their capacity to serve students and to strengthen management and fiscal operations.

Strengthening Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian-serving institutions.—Discretionary and mandatory funds support Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian-serving institutions to enable them to improve and expand their capacity to serve students and to strengthen management and fiscal operations.

Strengthening historically Black colleges and universities.—Discretionary and mandatory funds support grants to help historically Black undergraduate institutions to improve and expand their capacity to serve students and to strengthen management and fiscal operations.

Strengthening historically Black graduate institutions.—Funds support grants to historically Black graduate institutions to improve and expand their capacity to serve students and to strengthen management and fiscal operations.

Strengthening predominantly Black institutions.—Discretionary and mandatory funds support grants to predominantly Black institutions to improve and expand their capacity to serve students.

Strengthening Asian American- and Native American Pacific Islander-serving institutions.—Discretionary and mandatory funds support grants to help Asian American and Native American Pacific Islander-serving institutions improve and expand their capacity to serve students and to strengthen management and fiscal operations.

Strengthening Native American-serving nontribal institutions.—Discretionary and mandatory funds support grants to help Native American-serving nontribal institutions improve and expand their capacity to serve students and to strengthen management and fiscal operations.

Minority science and engineering improvement.—Funds support grants to predominantly minority institutions to help them make long-range improvements in science and engineering education and to increase the participation of minorities in scientific and technological careers.

Strengthening HBCU Masters program.—Funds support grants to historically Black institutions to improve graduate education opportunities at the Masters level in scientific disciplines in which African Americans are underrepresented.

Aid for Hispanic-serving Institutions:

Developing Hispanic-serving institutions.—Funds support Hispanic-serving institutions to help them improve and expand their capacity to serve students.

Developing Hispanic-serving institutions STEM and articulation programs.—Mandatory funds support Hispanic-serving institutions to help them improve and expand their capacity to serve students with priority given to applications that propose to increase the number of Hispanics and other low-income students attaining degrees in the fields of science, technology, engineering, or mathematics; and to develop model transfer and articulation agreements between 2-year Hispanic-serving institutions and 4-year institutions in such fields.

Promoting postbaccalaureate opportunities for Hispanic Americans.—Discretionary funds support Hispanic-serving institutions to help them expand and improve postbaccalaureate educational opportunities.

Other Aid for Institutions:

International education and foreign language studies programs.—Funds promote the development and improvement of domestic and overseas international and foreign language programs by providing institutional and fellowship grant funding to strengthen the capability and performance of American education in foreign languages and in area and international studies.

Model transition programs for students with intellectual disabilities into higher education.—Funds support grants to institutions of higher education or consortia of such institutions to create or expand high quality, inclusive model comprehensive transition and postsecondary programs for students with intellectual disabilities.

Tribally controlled postsecondary career and technical institutions.—Funds support the operation and improvement of eligible tribally controlled postsecondary career institutions to ensure continued and expanded educational opportunities for Indian students.

Assistance for Students:

Federal TRIO programs.—Funds support postsecondary education outreach and student support services to help individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds prepare for, enter, and complete college and graduate studies.

Gaining early awareness and readiness for undergraduate programs.—Funds support early college preparation and awareness activities at the State and local levels to ensure that low-income elementary and secondary school students are prepared for and pursue postsecondary education.

Graduate assistance in areas of national need.—Funds support fellowships to graduate students of superior ability who have financial need for study in areas of national need.

Child care access means parents in school.—Funds support a program designed to bolster the participation of low-income parents in postsecondary education through the provision of campus-based child care services.

Fund for the improvement of postsecondary education.—Funds support the development of innovative strategies designed to improve college completion, particularly for high-need students.

Teacher quality partnership.—Funds support grants to partnerships including institutions of higher education and local education agencies, among others, to reform pre-baccalaureate teacher preparation programs or create teacher residency programs in high-need local education agencies.

Hawkins centers of excellence.—Funds support a program designed to increase the talent pool of effective minority educators by expanding and reforming teacher education programs at minority-serving institutions.

Pooled evaluation.—Requested authority would enable the Department to reserve up to 0.5 percent of funding annually appropriated for certain Higher Education Act (HEA) programs for rigorous program evaluation, data collection, and analysis of outcome data.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0201–0–1–502 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Direct obligations:
25.2 Other services from non-Federal sources 6 3 6
25.3 Other goods and services from Federal sources 1 1 1
25.5 Research and development contracts 1 1
25.7 Operation and maintenance of equipment 2 2 3
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and contributions 2,731 2,775 3,783



99.9 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts 2,741 2,782 3,793

Howard university

For partial support of Howard University, $311,018,000, of which not less than $3,405,000 shall be for a matching endowment grant pursuant to the Howard University Endowment Act and shall remain available until expended.

Note.—A full-year 2022 appropriation for this account was not enacted at the time the Budget was prepared; therefore, the Budget assumes this account is operating under the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2022 (Division A of Public Law 117–43, as amended). The amounts included for 2022 reflect the annualized level provided by the continuing resolution.

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0603–0–1–502 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Obligations by program activity:
0001 General support 306 217 227
0002 Howard University Hospital 34 84



0900 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts (object class 41.0) 306 251 311

Budgetary resources:
Budget authority:
Appropriations, discretionary:
1100 Appropriation 271 251 311
Appropriations, mandatory:
1200 Appropriation 35
1900 Budget authority (total) 306 251 311
1930 Total budgetary resources available 306 251 311

Change in obligated balance:
Unpaid obligations:
3000 Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1 3 11 3
3010 New obligations, unexpired accounts 306 251 311
3020 Outlays (gross) –298 –259 –311



3050 Unpaid obligations, end of year 11 3 3
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100 Obligated balance, start of year 3 11 3
3200 Obligated balance, end of year 11 3 3

Budget authority and outlays, net:
Discretionary:
4000 Budget authority, gross 271 251 311
Outlays, gross:
4010 Outlays from new discretionary authority 271 248 308
4011 Outlays from discretionary balances 3 11 3



4020 Outlays, gross (total) 274 259 311
Mandatory:
4090 Budget authority, gross 35
Outlays, gross:
4100 Outlays from new mandatory authority 24
4180 Budget authority, net (total) 306 251 311
4190 Outlays, net (total) 298 259 311

Howard University is a private, nonprofit institution of higher education consisting of 13 schools and colleges. Federal funds are used to provide partial support for University programs as well as for the Howard University Hospital, a teaching facility. In 2022, the Federal appropriation represented approximately 23 percent of the University's revenue and 10 percent of the Hospital's revenue. The 2023 request is expected to be allocated in a similar manner.

The 2023 request would lift the restrictions that prevent Howard University from accessing the HBCU Capital Financing Program.

College housing and academic facilities loans program

For Federal administrative expenses to carry out activities related to existing facility loans pursuant to section 121 of the HEA, $298,000.

Historically black college and university capital financing program account

For the cost of guaranteed loans, $20,150,000, as authorized pursuant to part D of title III of the HEA, which shall remain available through September 30, 2024: Provided, That such costs, including the cost of modifying such loans, shall be as defined in section 502 of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974: Provided further, That these funds are available to subsidize total loan principal, any part of which is to be guaranteed, not to exceed $752,065,725: Provided further, That these funds may be used to support loans to public and private Historically Black Colleges and Universities without regard to the limitations within section 344(a) of the HEA.

In addition, for administrative expenses to carry out the Historically Black College and University Capital Financing Program entered into pursuant to part D of title III of the HEA, $528,000.

Note.—A full-year 2022 appropriation for this account was not enacted at the time the Budget was prepared; therefore, the Budget assumes this account is operating under the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2022 (Division A of Public Law 117–43, as amended). The amounts included for 2022 reflect the annualized level provided by the continuing resolution.

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0241–0–1–502 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Obligations by program activity:
0001 Forgiveness Modification expenses 136
Credit program obligations:
0701 Direct loan subsidy 23 18 8
0703 Subsidy for modifications of direct loans 1,564
0705 Reestimates of direct loan subsidy 18 242
0706 Interest on reestimates of direct loan subsidy 1 42
0709 Administrative expenses 1 1



0791 Direct program activities, subtotal 1,606 303 9



0900 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts (object class 41.0) 1,742 303 9

Budgetary resources:
Unobligated balance:
1000 Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1 14 33 63
Budget authority:
Appropriations, discretionary:
1100 Appropriation 49 49 21
Appropriations, mandatory:
1200 Appropriation 2,051 284
1900 Budget authority (total) 2,100 333 21
1930 Total budgetary resources available 2,114 366 84
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1940 Unobligated balance expiring –339
1941 Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year 33 63 75

Change in obligated balance:
Unpaid obligations:
3000 Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1 33 34 42
3010 New obligations, unexpired accounts 1,742 303 9
3020 Outlays (gross) –1,736 –295 –12
3041 Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, expired –5



3050 Unpaid obligations, end of year 34 42 39
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100 Obligated balance, start of year 33 34 42
3200 Obligated balance, end of year 34 42 39

Budget authority and outlays, net:
Discretionary:
4000 Budget authority, gross 49 49 21
Outlays, gross:
4010 Outlays from new discretionary authority 6 5 5
4011 Outlays from discretionary balances 17 6 7



4020 Outlays, gross (total) 23 11 12
Mandatory:
4090 Budget authority, gross 2,051 284
Outlays, gross:
4100 Outlays from new mandatory authority 1,713 284
4180 Budget authority, net (total) 2,100 333 21
4190 Outlays, net (total) 1,736 295 12

Summary of Loan Levels, Subsidy Budget Authority and Outlays by Program (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0241–0–1–502 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Direct loan levels supportable by subsidy budget authority:
115002 Historically Black Colleges and Universities 300 241 270



115999 Total direct loan levels 300 241 270
Direct loan subsidy (in percent):
132002 Historically Black Colleges and Universities 7.67 7.35 2.68



132999 Weighted average subsidy rate 7.67 7.35 2.68
Direct loan subsidy budget authority:
133002 Historically Black Colleges and Universities 23 18 8



133999 Total subsidy budget authority 23 18 8
Direct loan subsidy outlays:
134002 Historically Black Colleges and Universities 1,581 10 11



134999 Total subsidy outlays 1,581 10 11
Direct loan reestimates:
135001 College housing and academic facilities loans –2
135002 Historically Black Colleges and Universities –189 –6



135999 Total direct loan reestimates –189 –8

Administrative expense data:
3510 Budget authority 1 1 1
3590 Outlays from new authority 1 1 1

As required by the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990, this account records the subsidy costs associated with the direct loans obligated and loan guarantees committed in 1992 and beyond, as well as any administrative expenses for the College Housing and Academic Facilities Loans (CHAFL) Program and the Historically Black College and University (HBCU) Capital Financing Program. The subsidy amounts are estimated on a present value basis; the administrative expenses are on a cash basis. These programs are administered separately but consolidated in the Budget for presentation purposes.

College housing and academic facilities loans program.—Funds for this activity pay the Federal costs of administering CHAFL, College Housing Loans (CHL), and Higher Education Facilities Loans (HEFL) programs. Prior to 1994, these programs provided financing for the construction, reconstruction, and renovation of housing, academic, and other educational facilities. Although no new loans have been awarded since 1993, the Department of Education will incur costs for administering the outstanding loans through 2030.

Historically Black college and university (HBCU) capital financing program.—The HBCU Capital Financing Program provides HBCUs with access to capital financing for the repair, renovation, and construction of classrooms, libraries, laboratories, dormitories, instructional equipment, and research instrumentation. The authorizing statute gives the Department authority to enter into insurance agreements with a private for-profit Designated Bonding Authority. The bonding authority issues the loans and maintains an escrow account in which five percent of each institution's principal is deposited. The FAFSA Simplification Act, which was included in the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, signed into law in December 2020, provided authority and funding to discharge debts under the HBCU Capital Financing Program. The Department of Education discharged approximately $1.6 billion of debt provided to HBCUs.

The 2023 request would lift the restrictions that prevent Howard University from accessing the HBCU Capital Financing Program.

Employment Summary


Identification code 091–0241–0–1–502 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

1001 Direct civilian full-time equivalent employment 3 3 3

College Housing and Academic Facilities Loans Financing Account

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–4252–0–3–502 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Obligations by program activity:
Credit program obligations:
0713 Payment of interest to Treasury 1 1
0743 Interest on downward reestimates 2



0900 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts 3 1

Budgetary resources:
Unobligated balance:
1000 Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1 –2
1020 Adjustment of unobligated bal brought forward, Oct 1 2
Financing authority:
Spending authority from offsetting collections, mandatory:
1800 Collected 1 1 1
1825 Spending authority from offsetting collections applied to repay debt –3



1850 Spending auth from offsetting collections, mand (total) –2 1 1
1900 Budget authority (total) –2 1 1
1930 Total budgetary resources available –2 1 1
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941 Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year –2

Change in obligated balance:
Unpaid obligations:
3000 Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1 2
3010 New obligations, unexpired accounts 3 1
3020 Outlays (gross) –1 –1



3050 Unpaid obligations, end of year 2 2
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100 Obligated balance, start of year 2
3200 Obligated balance, end of year 2 2

Financing authority and disbursements, net:
Mandatory:
4090 Budget authority, gross –2 1 1
Financing disbursements:
4110 Outlays, gross (total) 1 1
Offsets against gross financing authority and disbursements:
Offsetting collections (collected) from:
4123 Interest repayments –1 –1 –1
4180 Budget authority, net (total) –3
4190 Outlays, net (total) –1

Status of Direct Loans (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–4252–0–3–502 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Cumulative balance of direct loans outstanding:
1210 Outstanding, start of year 3 3 3



1290 Outstanding, end of year 3 3 3

As required by the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990, this nonbudgetary account records all cash flows to and from the Government resulting from the College Housing and Academic Facilities loan program. Amounts in this account are a means of financing and are not included in the budget totals.

Balance Sheet (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–4252–0–3–502 2020 actual 2021 actual

ASSETS:
Net value of assets related to post-1991 direct loans receivable:
1401 Direct loans receivable, gross 3 3
1405 Allowance for subsidy cost (-)


1499 Net present value of assets related to direct loans 3 3


1999 Total assets 3 3
LIABILITIES:
2103 Federal liabilities: Debt 3 3


4999 Total liabilities and net position 3 3

College Housing and Academic Facilities Loans Liquidating Account

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0242–0–1–502 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Obligations by program activity:
Credit program obligations:
0713 Payment of interest to Treasury 2 2 2



0900 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts (object class 43.0) 2 2 2

Budgetary resources:
Unobligated balance:
1000 Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1 3 2
1022 Capital transfer of unobligated balances to general fund –3 –2
Budget authority:
Appropriations, mandatory:
1200 Appropriation 1 9 1
1236 Appropriations applied to repay debt –8



1260 Appropriations, mandatory (total) 1 1 1
Spending authority from offsetting collections, mandatory:
1800 Collected 5 8 8
1820 Capital transfer of spending authority from offsetting collections to general fund –5
1825 Spending authority from offsetting collections applied to repay debt –2 –7 –2



1850 Spending auth from offsetting collections, mand (total) 3 1 1
1900 Budget authority (total) 4 2 2
1930 Total budgetary resources available 4 2 2
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941 Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year 2

Change in obligated balance:
Unpaid obligations:
3000 Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1 1 1
3010 New obligations, unexpired accounts 2 2 2
3020 Outlays (gross) –2 –3 –2



3050 Unpaid obligations, end of year 1
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100 Obligated balance, start of year 1 1
3200 Obligated balance, end of year 1

Budget authority and outlays, net:
Mandatory:
4090 Budget authority, gross 4 2 2
Outlays, gross:
4100 Outlays from new mandatory authority 2 2 2
4101 Outlays from mandatory balances 1



4110 Outlays, gross (total) 2 3 2
Offsets against gross budget authority and outlays:
Offsetting collections (collected) from:
4123 Non-Federal sources –5 –8 –8
4180 Budget authority, net (total) –1 –6 –6
4190 Outlays, net (total) –3 –5 –6

Status of Direct Loans (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0242–0–1–502 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Cumulative balance of direct loans outstanding:
1210 Outstanding, start of year 22 17 9
1251 Repayments: Repayments and prepayments –2 –8 –2
1264 Other adjustments, net (+ or -) –3



1290 Outstanding, end of year 17 9 7

As required by the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990, the College Housing and Academic Facilities Loans Liquidating Account records all cash flows to and from the Government resulting from direct loans obligated prior to 1992. This account includes loans made under the College Housing and Academic Facilities Loans, College Housing Loans, and Higher Education Facilities Loans programs, which continue to be administered separately.

Balance Sheet (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0242–0–1–502 2020 actual 2021 actual

ASSETS:
1101 Federal assets: Fund balances with Treasury 4 3
1601 Direct loans, gross 22 17
1602 Interest receivable 4 4
1603 Allowance for estimated uncollectible loans and interest (-) –8 –7


1699 Value of assets related to direct loans 18 14


1999 Total assets 22 17
LIABILITIES:
Federal liabilities:
2103 Debt 10 9
2104 Resources payable to Treasury 16 15


2999 Total liabilities 26 24
NET POSITION:
3100 Unexpended appropriations 3 3
3300 Cumulative results of operations –7 –10


3999 Total net position –4 –7


4999 Total liabilities and net position 22 17

Historically Black College and University Capital Financing Direct Loan Financing Account

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–4255–0–3–502 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Obligations by program activity:
0004 Interest paid to Treasury (FFB) 21 2 2
0006 Deferment Mod expenses 5
0007 Public Deferment Payments 2
0008 CARES Deferment Payments 18
0009 Forgiveness Mod Expenses 13



0091 Direct program activities, subtotal 59 2 2
Credit program obligations:
0710 Direct loan obligations 300 241 270
0713 Payment of interest to Treasury 9 1 3
0742 Downward reestimates paid to receipt accounts 118 203
0743 Interest on downward reestimates 89 85



0791 Direct program activities, subtotal 516 530 273



0900 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts 575 532 275

Budgetary resources:
Unobligated balance:
1000 Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1 177 445 367
Financing authority:
Borrowing authority, mandatory:
1400 Borrowing authority 668 367 752
Spending authority from offsetting collections, mandatory:
1800 Collected 1,726 296 17
1825 Spending authority from offsetting collections applied to repay debt –1,551 –209 –3



1850 Spending auth from offsetting collections, mand (total) 175 87 14
1900 Budget authority (total) 843 454 766
1930 Total budgetary resources available 1,020 899 1,133
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941 Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year 445 367 858

Change in obligated balance:
Unpaid obligations:
3000 Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1 499 548 501
3010 New obligations, unexpired accounts 575 532 275
3020 Outlays (gross) –526 –579 –221



3050 Unpaid obligations, end of year 548 501 555
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100 Obligated balance, start of year 499 548 501
3200 Obligated balance, end of year 548 501 555

Financing authority and disbursements, net:
Mandatory:
4090 Budget authority, gross 843 454 766
Financing disbursements:
4110 Outlays, gross (total) 526 579 221
Offsets against gross financing authority and disbursements:
Offsetting collections (collected) from:
4120 Federal sources (subsidy) –1,599 –293 –11
4120 Federal sources (FFB) –48
4122 Interest on uninvested funds –12
4123 Interest repayments –25 –1 –3
4123 Principal repayments –42 –2 –3



4130 Offsets against gross budget authority and outlays (total) –1,726 –296 –17



4160 Budget authority, net (mandatory) –883 158 749
4170 Outlays, net (mandatory) –1,200 283 204
4180 Budget authority, net (total) –883 158 749
4190 Outlays, net (total) –1,200 283 204

Status of Direct Loans (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–4255–0–3–502 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Position with respect to appropriations act limitation on obligations:
1111 Direct loan obligations from current-year authority 300 241 270



1150 Total direct loan obligations 300 241 270

Cumulative balance of direct loans outstanding:
1210 Outstanding, start of year 1,564 160 343
1231 Disbursements: Direct loan disbursements 209 185 221
1251 Repayments: Repayments and prepayments –67 –2 –3
1264 Other adjustments, net (+ or -) –1,546



1290 Outstanding, end of year 160 343 561

As required by the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990, this non-budgetary account records all cash flows to and from the Federal Government resulting from direct loans obligated in 1996 and beyond. The Federal Financing Bank (FFB) purchases bonds issued by the Historically Black College and University (HBCU) Designated Bonding Authority. Under the policies governing Federal credit programs, bonds purchased by the FFB and supported by the Department of Education with a letter of credit create the equivalent of a Federal direct loan. HBCU bonds are also available for purchase by the private sector, and these will be treated as loan guarantees. However, the Department anticipates that all HBCU loans will be financed by the FFB. The amounts in this account are a means of financing and are not included in the budget totals.

Balance Sheet (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–4255–0–3–502 2020 actual 2021 actual

ASSETS:
1101 Federal assets: Fund balances with Treasury 215 281
Net value of assets related to post-1991 direct loans receivable:
1401 Direct loans receivable, gross 1,564 160
1402 Interest receivable 54 1
1405 Allowance for subsidy cost (-) –222 –25


1499 Net present value of assets related to direct loans 1,396 136
1901 Other Federal assets: Other assets


1999 Total assets 1,611 417
LIABILITIES:
Federal liabilities:
2101 Accounts payable 45
2102 Interest payable 13
2103 Debt 1,553 417


2999 Total liabilities 1,611 417
NET POSITION:
3300 Cumulative results of operations


4999 Total liabilities and net position 1,611 417

Office of Federal Student Aid

Federal Funds

Student financial assistance

For carrying out subparts 1, 3, and 10 of part A, and part C of title IV of the HEA, $26,345,352,000 which shall remain available through September 30, 2024.

The maximum Pell Grant for which a student shall be eligible during award year 2023–2024 shall be $6,335.

Note.—A full-year 2022 appropriation for this account was not enacted at the time the Budget was prepared; therefore, the Budget assumes this account is operating under the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2022 (Division A of Public Law 117–43, as amended). The amounts included for 2022 reflect the annualized level provided by the continuing resolution.

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0200–0–1–502 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Obligations by program activity:
0101 Federal Pell grants 27,393 26,726 32,173
0201 Federal supplemental educational opportunity grants (SEOG) 878 884 880
0202 Federal work-study 1,196 1,200 1,190



0291 Campus-based activities - Subtotal 2,074 2,084 2,070



0900 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts (object class 41.0) 29,467 28,810 34,243

Budgetary resources:
Unobligated balance:
1000 Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1 13,129 14,227 15,810
1021 Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations 33 109



1070 Unobligated balance (total) 13,162 14,336 15,810
Budget authority:
Appropriations, discretionary:
1100 Appropriation 24,545 24,545 26,345
1100 Appropriation - Disc Award Inc CHIMP 141
1130 Appropriations permanently reduced –28 –141
1131 Unobligated balance of appropriations permanently reduced –500 –500



1160 Appropriation, discretionary (total) 24,045 24,017 26,345
Appropriations, mandatory:
1200 Appropriation 6,555 6,267 6,415
1230 Appropriations and/or unobligated balance of appropriations permanently reduced –28



1260 Appropriations, mandatory (total) 6,527 6,267 6,415
1900 Budget authority (total) 30,572 30,284 32,760
1930 Total budgetary resources available 43,734 44,620 48,570
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1940 Unobligated balance expiring –40
1941 Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year 14,227 15,810 14,327

Change in obligated balance:
Unpaid obligations:
3000 Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1 19,213 19,946 19,728
3010 New obligations, unexpired accounts 29,467 28,810 34,243
3011 Obligations ("upward adjustments"), expired accounts 184
3020 Outlays (gross) –28,653 –28,919 –30,601
3040 Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, unexpired –33 –109
3041 Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, expired –232



3050 Unpaid obligations, end of year 19,946 19,728 23,370
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100 Obligated balance, start of year 19,213 19,946 19,728
3200 Obligated balance, end of year 19,946 19,728 23,370

Budget authority and outlays, net:
Discretionary:
4000 Budget authority, gross 24,045 24,017 26,345
Outlays, gross:
4010 Outlays from new discretionary authority 6,719 2,438 3,534
4011 Outlays from discretionary balances 15,312 20,062 17,490



4020 Outlays, gross (total) 22,031 22,500 21,024
Offsets against gross budget authority and outlays:
Offsetting collections (collected) from:
4033 Non-Federal sources –3
Additional offsets against gross budget authority only:
4052 Offsetting collections credited to expired accounts 3



4070 Budget authority, net (discretionary) 24,045 24,017 26,345
4080 Outlays, net (discretionary) 22,028 22,500 21,024
Mandatory:
4090 Budget authority, gross 6,527 6,267 6,415
Outlays, gross:
4100 Outlays from new mandatory authority 2,121 2,207 2,271
4101 Outlays from mandatory balances 4,501 4,212 7,306



4110 Outlays, gross (total) 6,622 6,419 9,577
Offsets against gross budget authority and outlays:
Offsetting collections (collected) from:
4123 Non-Federal sources –17
Additional offsets against gross budget authority only:
4142 Offsetting collections credited to expired accounts 17



4160 Budget authority, net (mandatory) 6,527 6,267 6,415
4170 Outlays, net (mandatory) 6,605 6,419 9,577
4180 Budget authority, net (total) 30,572 30,284 32,760
4190 Outlays, net (total) 28,633 28,919 30,601

Summary of Budget Authority and Outlays (in millions of dollars)


2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Enacted/requested:
Budget Authority 30,572 30,284 32,760
Outlays 28,633 28,919 30,601
Legislative proposal, subject to PAYGO:
Budget Authority 6,575
Outlays 2,847
Total:
Budget Authority 30,572 30,284 39,335
Outlays 28,633 28,919 33,448

Status of Direct Loans (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0200–0–1–502 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Cumulative balance of direct loans outstanding:
1210 Outstanding, start of year 615 664 729
1251 Repayments: Repayments and prepayments –15 –60 –101
1264 Other adjustments, net (+ or -) 64 125 120



1290 Outstanding, end of year 664 729 748

Notes.—Figures include, in all years, institutional matching share of defaulted notes assigned from institutions to the Education Department.

Funding from the Student Financial Assistance account and related matching funds would provide 8.9 million awards totaling more than $41.2 billion in available aid in award year 2023–2024.

Federal Pell grants.—Pell Grants are the single largest source of grant aid for postsecondary education. Funding for this program is provided from two sources: discretionary and mandatory budget authority provided by the College Cost Reduction and Access Act, as amended, and changes to the Higher Education Act of 1965 made in the Department of Education Appropriations Act of 2021.

In 2023, nearly 6.7 million undergraduates will receive up to $6,335 from the discretionary award and an additional $2,335 from the mandatory add-on to help pay for postsecondary education. Undergraduate students establish eligibility for these grants under award and need determination rules set out in the authorizing statute and annual appropriations act.

The 2023 Budget request includes $24.3 billion in discretionary funding for Pell Grants in 2023, which, when combined with mandatory funding, will support a projected maximum award of $8,670.

Federal supplemental educational opportunity grants (SEOG).—Federal funds are awarded by formula to qualifying institutions, which use these funds to award grants to undergraduate students. While institutions have discretion in awarding these funds, they are required to give priority to Pell Grant recipients and other students with exceptional need. The Federal share of these grants cannot exceed 75 percent of the total grant. The 2023 Budget includes $880 million for SEOG, which would generate $1.25 billion in aid to nearly 1.7 million students.

Federal work-study.—Federal funds are awarded by formula to qualifying institutions, which provide part-time jobs to eligible undergraduate and graduate students. Hourly earnings under this program must be at least the Federal minimum wage. Federal funding, in most cases, pays 75 percent of a student's hourly wages, with the remaining 25 percent paid by the employer. The Federal Work-Study program also requires participating institutions to use at least seven percent of their total funds for students employed in community service jobs.

The 2023 Budget includes $1.19 billion for Work-Study, which would generate $1.21 billion in aid to 620,597 students.

Iraq and Afghanistan service grants.—This program provides non-need-based grants to students whose parent or guardian was a member of the Armed Forces and died in Iraq or Afghanistan as a result of performing military service after September 11, 2001.

Pooled evaluation.—Requested authority in the General Provisions would enable the Department to reserve up to 0.5 percent of funding annually appropriated for certain Higher Education Act (HEA) programs for rigorous program evaluation, data collection, and analysis of outcome data. The authority would not allow the Department to reserve funds appropriated for Pell Grants, but would allow for evaluation of the program with the reserved funds.

Funding tables.—The following tables display student aid funds available, the number of aid awards, average awards, and the unduplicated count of recipients from each Federal student aid program. Loan amounts reflect the amount actually loaned to borrowers, not the Federal cost of these loans. The data in these tables include matching funds wherever appropriate. The 2023 data in these tables reflect the Administration's Budget proposals.

Aid Funds Available for Postsecondary Education and Training (in thousands of dollars)


2021 2022 2023

Pell grants $26,400,480 $26,695,335 $38,714,715
Student loans:
Subsidized Stafford loans 16,244,711 16,025,387 15,867,580
Unsubsidized Stafford loans (Undergraduates) 18,476,479 18,502,154 18,482,220
Unsubsidized Stafford loans (Graduate students) 27,366,595 27,843,927 27,742,246
Unsubsidized Stafford loans (total) 45,843,074 46,346,081 46,224,466
Parent PLUS loans 10,297,227 10,340,369 10,610,704
Grad PLUS loans 12,071,518 12,317,093 12,480,005
PLUS loans (total) 22,368,745 22,657,462 23,090,709
Consolidation 19,964,715 26,217,008 27,239,740
Student loans, subtotal 104,421,245 111,245,938 112,422,496
Work-study 1,207,681 1,207,681 1,207,681
Supplemental educational opportunity grants 1,251,693 1,251,693 1,251,693
Iraq and Afghanistan service grants 692 692 924
TEACH grants 74,962 75,862 81,148
Total aid available 132,106,312 139,226,759 152,428,215

Number of Aid Awards (in thousands)


2021 2022 2023

Pell grants 6,104 6,133 6,657
Subsidized Stafford loans 4,628 4,562 4,515
Unsubsidized Stafford loans (Undergraduates) 4,856 4,816 4,775
Unsubsidized Stafford loans (Graduate students) 1,790 1,800 1,776
Parent PLUS loans 658 650 653
Grad PLUS loans 595 595 593
Consolidation loans 324 380 401
Work-study 621 621 621
Supplemental educational opportunity grants 1,662 1,662 1,662
Iraq and Afghanistan service grants1 0 0 0
TEACH grants 34 34 35
Total awards 21,273 21,254 21,688

1 Number of recipients is fewer than 1,000.Note: Numbers may not add due to rounding.

Average Aid Awards (in whole dollars)


2021 2022 2023

Pell grants $4,325 $4,353 $5,816
Subsidized Stafford loans 3,510 3,513 3,514
Unsubsidized Stafford loans (Undergraduates) 3,805 3,842 3,870
Unsubsidized Stafford loans (Graduate students) 15,289 15,472 15,618
Parent PLUS loans 15,640 15,911 16,257
Grad PLUS loans 20,282 20,692 21,028
Consolidation loans 61,616 68,939 67,991
Work-study 1,946 1,946 1,946
Supplemental educational opportunity grants 753 753 753
Iraq and Afghanistan service grants 5,672 5,672 7,574
TEACH grants 2,204 2,204 2,329

Number of Students Aided (in thousands)


2021 2022 2023

Unduplicated student count 8,754 8,718 8,910

Administrative Payments to Institutions (in thousands of dollars)


2021 2022 2023

Pell grants $30,520 $30,665 $33,285
Work-study 60,146 60,146 60,146
Supplemental educational opportunity grants 18,891 18,891 18,891

Student Financial Assistance

(Legislative proposal, subject to PAYGO)

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0200–4–1–502 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Obligations by program activity:
0101 Federal Pell grants 6,575



0900 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts (object class 41.0) 6,575

Budgetary resources:
Budget authority:
Appropriations, mandatory:
1200 Appropriation 6,575
1930 Total budgetary resources available 6,575

Change in obligated balance:
Unpaid obligations:
3010 New obligations, unexpired accounts 6,575
3020 Outlays (gross) –2,847



3050 Unpaid obligations, end of year 3,728
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3200 Obligated balance, end of year 3,728

Budget authority and outlays, net:
Mandatory:
4090 Budget authority, gross 6,575
Outlays, gross:
4100 Outlays from new mandatory authority 2,847
4180 Budget authority, net (total) 6,575
4190 Outlays, net (total) 2,847

Federal Pell Grants.—The 2023 Budget proposes to increase the mandatory add-on to the maximum Pell Grant from $1,060 to $2,335. With the $900 increase to the discretionary maximum award, the total increase will be $2,175 and the total maximum Pell Grant will be $8,670.

Student aid administration

For Federal administrative expenses to carry out part D of title I, and subparts 1, 3, 9, and 10 of part A, and parts B, C, D, and E of title IV of the HEA, and subpart 1 of part A of title VII of the Public Health Service Act, $2,654,034,000, to remain available through September 30, 2024.

Note.—A full-year 2022 appropriation for this account was not enacted at the time the Budget was prepared; therefore, the Budget assumes this account is operating under the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2022 (Division A of Public Law 117–43, as amended). The amounts included for 2022 reflect the annualized level provided by the continuing resolution.

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0202–0–1–502 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Obligations by program activity:
0001 Student aid administration 1,056 1,034 1,188
0002 Servicing activities 906 873 1,466



0900 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts 1,962 1,907 2,654

Budgetary resources:
Unobligated balance:
1000 Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1 28 64 10
1001 Discretionary unobligated balance brought fwd, Oct 1 28
1021 Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations 22



1070 Unobligated balance (total) 50 64 10
Budget authority:
Appropriations, discretionary:
1100 Appropriation 1,884 1,853 2,654
Appropriations, mandatory:
1200 Appropriation 91
Spending authority from offsetting collections, discretionary:
1701 Change in uncollected payments, Federal sources 1
1900 Budget authority (total) 1,976 1,853 2,654
1930 Total budgetary resources available 2,026 1,917 2,664
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941 Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year 64 10 10

Change in obligated balance:
Unpaid obligations:
3000 Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1 766 888 1,210
3010 New obligations, unexpired accounts 1,962 1,907 2,654
3011 Obligations ("upward adjustments"), expired accounts 3
3020 Outlays (gross) –1,804 –1,585 –2,198
3040 Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, unexpired –22
3041 Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, expired –17



3050 Unpaid obligations, end of year 888 1,210 1,666
Uncollected payments:
3060 Uncollected pymts, Fed sources, brought forward, Oct 1 –1 –1
3070 Change in uncollected pymts, Fed sources, unexpired –1



3090 Uncollected pymts, Fed sources, end of year –1 –1 –1
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100 Obligated balance, start of year 766 887 1,209
3200 Obligated balance, end of year 887 1,209 1,665

Budget authority and outlays, net:
Discretionary:
4000 Budget authority, gross 1,885 1,853 2,654
Outlays, gross:
4010 Outlays from new discretionary authority 1,147 1,019 1,421
4011 Outlays from discretionary balances 657 541 747



4020 Outlays, gross (total) 1,804 1,560 2,168
Offsets against gross budget authority and outlays:
Offsetting collections (collected) from:
4030 Federal sources –1
4033 Non-Federal sources –1



4040 Offsets against gross budget authority and outlays (total) –1 –1
Additional offsets against gross budget authority only:
4050 Change in uncollected pymts, Fed sources, unexpired –1
4052 Offsetting collections credited to expired accounts 1 1



4060 Additional offsets against budget authority only (total) 1



4070 Budget authority, net (discretionary) 1,884 1,853 2,654
4080 Outlays, net (discretionary) 1,803 1,559 2,168
Mandatory:
4090 Budget authority, gross 91
Outlays, gross:
4101 Outlays from mandatory balances 25 30
4180 Budget authority, net (total) 1,975 1,853 2,654
4190 Outlays, net (total) 1,803 1,584 2,198

The Department of Education manages Federal student aid programs that will provide $126 billion in new Federal student aid grants and loans (excluding Direct Consolidation Loans) to nearly 9 million students and parents in 2023. The Offices of Postsecondary Education, the Under Secretary, and Federal Student Aid (FSA) are primarily responsible for administering the Federal student financial assistance programs. FSA was created by the Congress in 1998 as a partially independent Performance Based Organization (PBO) with a mandate to improve service to students and other student aid program participants, reduce student aid administration costs, and improve accountability and program integrity.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0202–0–1–502 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Direct obligations:
Personnel compensation:
11.1 Full-time permanent 192 204 218
11.3 Other than full-time permanent 8
11.5 Other personnel compensation 4 4 5



11.9 Total personnel compensation 204 208 223
12.1 Civilian personnel benefits 69 72 82
21.0 Travel and transportation of persons 2 3
23.1 Rental payments to GSA 19 19 18
25.1 Advisory and assistance services 2 1 1
25.2 Other services from non-Federal sources 1,065 955 1,568
25.3 Other goods and services from Federal sources 49 50 52
25.7 Operation and maintenance of equipment 553 600 706



99.0 Direct obligations 1,961 1,907 2,653
99.0 Reimbursable obligations 1
99.5 Adjustment for rounding 1



99.9 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts 1,962 1,907 2,654

Employment Summary


Identification code 091–0202–0–1–502 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

1001 Direct civilian full-time equivalent employment 1,551 1,565 1,597

TEACH Grant Program Account

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0206–0–1–502 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Obligations by program activity:
Credit program obligations:
0701 Direct loan subsidy 27 35 39
0703 Subsidy for modifications of direct loans 47 4
0705 Reestimates of direct loan subsidy 62 53
0706 Interest on reestimates of direct loan subsidy 16 17



0900 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts (object class 41.0) 152 109 39

Budgetary resources:
Budget authority:
Appropriations, mandatory:
1200 Appropriation (indefinite) - Loan subsidy 29 37 41
1200 Appropriation (indefinite) - Upward reestimate 78 70
1200 Appropriation (indefinite) Upward Modification 47 4
1230 Appropriations and/or unobligated balance of appropriations permanently reduced –2 –2 –2



1260 Appropriations, mandatory (total) 152 109 39
1930 Total budgetary resources available 152 109 39

Change in obligated balance:
Unpaid obligations:
3000 Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1 9 6 9
3010 New obligations, unexpired accounts 152 109 39
3020 Outlays (gross) –153 –104 –36
3041 Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, expired –2 –2 –2



3050 Unpaid obligations, end of year 6 9 10
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100 Obligated balance, start of year 9 6 9
3200 Obligated balance, end of year 6 9 10

Budget authority and outlays, net:
Mandatory:
4090 Budget authority, gross 152 109 39
Outlays, gross:
4100 Outlays from new mandatory authority 146 100 30
4101 Outlays from mandatory balances 7 4 6



4110 Outlays, gross (total) 153 104 36
4180 Budget authority, net (total) 152 109 39
4190 Outlays, net (total) 153 104 36

Summary of Loan Levels, Subsidy Budget Authority and Outlays by Program (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0206–0–1–502 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Direct loan levels supportable by subsidy budget authority:
115001 TEACH Grants 86 82 88
Direct loan subsidy (in percent):
132001 TEACH Grants 31.72 42.57 44.50



132999 Weighted average subsidy rate 31.72 42.57 44.50
Direct loan subsidy budget authority:
133001 TEACH Grants 27 35 39
Direct loan subsidy outlays:
134001 TEACH Grants 75 33 36
Direct loan reestimates:
135001 TEACH Grants 75 65

The TEACH Grant program, authorized by the College Cost Reduction and Access Act of 2007, awards annual grants of up to $4,000 to full- or part-time undergraduate and graduate students who agree to teach mathematics, science, foreign languages, bilingual education, special education, or reading at a high-poverty school for not less than four years within eight years of graduation. The program began awarding grants in the 2008–2009 award year. Students must have a grade point average of 3.25 or higher to be eligible to receive a grant. Students who fail to fulfill the service requirements must repay the grants, including interest accrued from the time of award.

Because TEACH Grants turn into loans in cases where the service requirements are not fulfilled, for budget and accounting purposes the program is operated consistent with the requirements of the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990. This program account records subsidy costs reflecting the net present value of the estimated lifetime Federal program costs for grants awarded in a given fiscal year. Under this approach the subsidy cost reflects the cost of grant awards net of expected future repayments for grants that are converted to loans.

TEACH Grant Financing Account

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–4290–0–3–502 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Obligations by program activity:
Credit program obligations:
0710 Direct loan obligations 86 82 88
0713 Payment of interest to Treasury 20 16 27
0741 Modification savings 2
0742 Downward reestimates paid to receipt accounts 3 3



0791 Direct program activities, subtotal 109 103 115



0900 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts 109 103 115

Budgetary resources:
Unobligated balance:
1000 Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1 1 1
1021 Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations 25 7 7
1023 Unobligated balances applied to repay debt –18 –1
1024 Unobligated balance of borrowing authority withdrawn –8 –7 –7
Financing authority:
Borrowing authority, mandatory:
1400 Borrowing authority 69 55 52
Spending authority from offsetting collections, mandatory:
1800 Collected 172 164 112
1801 Change in uncollected payments, Federal sources –3 1
1820 Capital transfer of spending authority from offsetting collections for Negative MAT –2
1825 Spending authority from offsetting collections applied to repay debt –126 –117 –49



1850 Spending auth from offsetting collections, mand (total) 41 48 63
1900 Budget authority (total) 110 103 115
1930 Total budgetary resources available 110 103 115
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941 Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year 1

Change in obligated balance:
Unpaid obligations:
3000 Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1 89 75 74
3010 New obligations, unexpired accounts 109 103 115
3020 Outlays (gross) –98 –97 –108
3040 Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, unexpired –25 –7 –7



3050 Unpaid obligations, end of year 75 74 74
Uncollected payments:
3060 Uncollected pymts, Fed sources, brought forward, Oct 1 –7 –4 –5
3070 Change in uncollected pymts, Fed sources, unexpired 3 –1



3090 Uncollected pymts, Fed sources, end of year –4 –5 –5
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100 Obligated balance, start of year 82 71 69
3200 Obligated balance, end of year 71 69 69

Financing authority and disbursements, net:
Discretionary:
Additional offsets against gross financing authority only:
4050 Change in uncollected pymts, Fed sources, unexpired 1
Mandatory:
4090 Budget authority, gross 110 103 115
Financing disbursements:
4110 Outlays, gross (total) 98 97 108
Offsets against gross financing authority and disbursements:
Offsetting collections (collected) from:
4120 Upward Reestimate –78 –69
4120 Subsidy from Program Account –28 –31 –36
4120 Upward Modification –47 –4
4122 Interest on uninvested funds –3
4123 Payment of Principal –14 –54 –60
4123 Interest Received –2 –6 –16



4130 Offsets against gross budget authority and outlays (total) –172 –164 –112
Additional offsets against financing authority only (total):
4140 Change in uncollected pymts, Fed sources, unexpired 3 –1



4160 Budget authority, net (mandatory) –59 –62 3
4170 Outlays, net (mandatory) –74 –67 –4
4180 Budget authority, net (total) –59 –61 3
4190 Outlays, net (total) –74 –67 –4

Status of Direct Loans (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–4290–0–3–502 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Position with respect to appropriations act limitation on obligations:
1111 Direct loan obligations from current-year authority 86 82 88



1150 Total direct loan obligations 86 82 88

Cumulative balance of direct loans outstanding:
1210 Outstanding, start of year 764 783 805
1231 Disbursements: Direct loan disbursements 75 76 81
1251 Repayments: Repayments and prepayments –15 –54 –61
1264 Other adjustments, net (+ or -) –41



1290 Outstanding, end of year 783 805 825

As required by the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990, this nonbudgetary account records all cash flows to and from the Government resulting from the TEACH Grant program. Amounts in this account are a means of financing and are not included in the budget totals.

Balance Sheet (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–4290–0–3–502 2020 actual 2021 actual

ASSETS:
1101 Federal assets: Fund balances with Treasury 41 40
Net value of assets related to post-1991 direct loans receivable:
1401 Direct loans receivable, gross 764 783
1402 Interest receivable 88 70
1405 Allowance for subsidy cost (-) –182 –256


1499 Net present value of assets related to direct loans 670 597


1999 Total assets 711 637
LIABILITIES:
Federal liabilities:
2101 Accounts payable
2103 Debt 711 637


2999 Total liabilities 711 637
NET POSITION:
3300 Cumulative results of operations


4999 Total liabilities and net position 711 637

Student Financial Assistance Debt Collection

Special and Trust Fund Receipts (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–5557–0–2–502 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

0100 Balance, start of year 1
Receipts:
Current law:
1130 Student Financial Assistance Debt Collection 4 12 16



2000 Total: Balances and receipts 4 12 17
Appropriations:
Current law:
2101 Student Financial Assistance Debt Collection –4 –11 –11
2103 Student Financial Assistance Debt Collection –1 –1
2132 Student Financial Assistance Debt Collection 1 1



2199 Total current law appropriations –4 –11 –11



2999 Total appropriations –4 –11 –11



5099 Balance, end of year 1 6

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–5557–0–2–502 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Obligations by program activity:
0001 Student Financial Assistance Debt Collection 1 3 3



0900 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts (object class 25.2) 1 3 3

Budgetary resources:
Unobligated balance:
1000 Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1 9 8 12
1022 Capital transfer of unobligated balances to general fund –4 –3 –3



1070 Unobligated balance (total) 5 5 9
Budget authority:
Appropriations, mandatory:
1201 Appropriation (special or trust fund) 4 11 11
1203 Appropriation (previously unavailable)(special or trust) 1 1
1232 Appropriations and/or unobligated balance of appropriations temporarily reduced –1 –1
1240 Capital transfer of appropriations to general fund –1 –1



1260 Appropriations, mandatory (total) 4 10 10
1930 Total budgetary resources available 9 15 19
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941 Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year 8 12 16

Change in obligated balance:
Unpaid obligations:
3010 New obligations, unexpired accounts 1 3 3
3020 Outlays (gross) –1 –3 –3

Budget authority and outlays, net:
Mandatory:
4090 Budget authority, gross 4 10 10
Outlays, gross:
4101 Outlays from mandatory balances 1 3 3
4180 Budget authority, net (total) 4 10 10
4190 Outlays, net (total) 1 3 3

Federal Student Loan Reserve Fund

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–4257–0–3–502 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Obligations by program activity:
0102 Obligations, non-Federal 3,916 3,839 1,464



0900 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts (object class 42.0) 3,916 3,839 1,464

Budgetary resources:
Unobligated balance:
1000 Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1 1,943 1,913 971
Budget authority:
Spending authority from offsetting collections, mandatory:
1800 Collected 3,899 2,897 1,424
1820 Capital transfer of spending authority from offsetting collections to general fund –13



1850 Spending auth from offsetting collections, mand (total) 3,886 2,897 1,424
1930 Total budgetary resources available 5,829 4,810 2,395
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941 Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year 1,913 971 931

Change in obligated balance:
Unpaid obligations:
3010 New obligations, unexpired accounts 3,916 3,839 1,464
3020 Outlays (gross) –3,916 –3,839 –1,464

Budget authority and outlays, net:
Mandatory:
4090 Budget authority, gross 3,886 2,897 1,424
Outlays, gross:
4100 Outlays from new mandatory authority 3,837 2,798 1,359
4101 Outlays from mandatory balances 79 1,041 105



4110 Outlays, gross (total) 3,916 3,839 1,464
Offsets against gross budget authority and outlays:
Offsetting collections (collected) from:
4120 Federal sources –3,837 –2,897 –1,424
4123 Non-Federal sources –62



4130 Offsets against gross budget authority and outlays (total) –3,899 –2,897 –1,424



4160 Budget authority, net (mandatory) –13
4170 Outlays, net (mandatory) 17 942 40
4180 Budget authority, net (total) –13
4190 Outlays, net (total) 17 942 40

The Higher Education Amendments of 1998 clarified that reserve funds held by public and non-profit guaranty agencies participating in the Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) program are Federal property. These reserves are used to pay default claims from FFEL lenders and fees to support agency efforts to avert defaults. The Federal Government reimburses these reserves for default claim payments. The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016, increased guaranty agency reinsurance payments from 95 percent of the face value of loans to 100 percent. The following schedule reflects the balances in these guaranty agency funds.

Balance Sheet (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–4257–0–3–502 2020 actual 2021 actual

ASSETS:
1101 Federal assets: Fund balances with Treasury 1,943 1,943


1999 Total assets 1,943 1,943
LIABILITIES:
2104 Federal liabilities: Resources payable to Treasury
NET POSITION:
3300 Cumulative results of operations 1,943 1,943


4999 Total liabilities and net position 1,943 1,943

Federal Direct Student Loan Program Account

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0243–0–1–502 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Obligations by program activity:
Credit program obligations:
0701 Direct loan subsidy 5,197 9,415 15,314
0703 Subsidy for modifications of direct loans 70,861 12,369
0705 Reestimates of direct loan subsidy 47,241 22,331
0706 Interest on reestimates of direct loan subsidy 6,434 4,376



0900 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts (object class 41.0) 129,733 48,491 15,314

Budgetary resources:
Budget authority:
Appropriations, discretionary:
1100 Appropriation 50
Appropriations, mandatory:
1200 Appropriation (indefinite) 129,733 48,441 15,314
1900 Budget authority (total) 129,733 48,491 15,314
1930 Total budgetary resources available 129,733 48,491 15,314

Change in obligated balance:
Unpaid obligations:
3000 Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1 2,046 1,304 1,975
3010 New obligations, unexpired accounts 129,733 48,491 15,314
3020 Outlays (gross) –130,044 –47,820 –13,811
3041 Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, expired –431



3050 Unpaid obligations, end of year 1,304 1,975 3,478
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100 Obligated balance, start of year 2,046 1,304 1,975
3200 Obligated balance, end of year 1,304 1,975 3,478

Budget authority and outlays, net:
Discretionary:
4000 Budget authority, gross 50
Mandatory:
4090 Budget authority, gross 129,733 48,441 15,314
Outlays, gross:
4100 Outlays from new mandatory authority 129,110 47,428 13,135
4101 Outlays from mandatory balances 934 392 676



4110 Outlays, gross (total) 130,044 47,820 13,811
4180 Budget authority, net (total) 129,733 48,491 15,314
4190 Outlays, net (total) 130,044 47,820 13,811

Summary of Loan Levels, Subsidy Budget Authority and Outlays by Program (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0243–0–1–502 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Direct loan levels supportable by subsidy budget authority:
115001 Stafford 20,070 18,278 18,096
115002 Unsubsidized Stafford 55,953 53,281 53,134
115003 PLUS 23,582 23,830 24,277
115004 Consolidation 22,480 27,548 29,578



115999 Total direct loan levels 122,085 122,937 125,085
Direct loan subsidy (in percent):
132001 Stafford 7.40 7.98 12.18
132002 Unsubsidized Stafford –1.83 2.25 6.57
132003 PLUS –15.94 –14.15 –10.63
132004 Consolidation 16.51 24.53 32.52



132999 Weighted average subsidy rate 0.34 4.92 10.18
Direct loan subsidy budget authority:
133001 Stafford 1,485 1,459 2,204
133002 Unsubsidized Stafford –1,024 1,199 3,491
133003 PLUS –3,759 –3,372 –2,581
133004 Consolidation 3,711 6,758 9,619



133999 Total subsidy budget authority 413 6,044 12,733
Direct loan subsidy outlays:
134001 Stafford 1,689 1,292 1,746
134002 Unsubsidized Stafford –466 467 2,453
134003 PLUS –3,352 –3,374 –2,699
134004 Consolidation 3,717 6,764 9,612
134005 Federal Direct Student Loans 70,811 2,221



134999 Total subsidy outlays 72,399 7,370 11,112
Direct loan reestimates:
135005 Federal Direct Student Loans 52,836 13,005



135999 Total direct loan reestimates 52,836 13,005

The Federal Government manages two major student loan programs: the Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) program and the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan (Direct Loan) program. The Student Aid and Fiscal Responsibility Act eliminated the authorization to originate new FFEL loans; as of July 1, 2010, the Direct Loan program originates all new loans. This narrative outlines the structure of these two programs and provides text tables displaying program cost data; loan volume, subsidy, default, and interest rates; and other descriptive information.

From its inception in 1965 through the end of June 2010, the FFEL program guaranteed almost $899 billion in loans made to postsecondary students and their parents. Although no new FFEL loans have been originated since July 1, 2010, nearly $150 billion of outstanding FFEL loans continue to be serviced by lenders, the Department of Education, and guaranty agencies.

Under the Direct Loan program, the Federal Government provides loan capital through the Treasury while the Department of Education loan origination and servicing is handled by private and not-for-profit loan servicers under performance-based contracts with the Department. The Direct Loan program began operation in award year 1994–1995, originating 7 percent of overall loan volume. In 2023, excluding Consolidation Loans, the Direct Loan program will make $85.01 billion in new loans.

The Direct Loan program currently offers four types of loans: Subsidized Stafford; Unsubsidized Stafford; PLUS; and Consolidation. Loans can be used for qualified educational expenses. Undergraduates with financial need may receive a Subsidized Stafford loan (graduate and professional students are not eligible). The other three loan programs are available to borrowers at all income levels. Interest rates are set annually for loans originated in the upcoming award year based on the 10-year Treasury note; those rates will remain fixed for the life of the loan. For Subsidized Stafford loans available to undergraduates, the interest rate will be equal to the 10-year Treasury note plus 2.05 percent and capped at 8.25 percent. Loans originated in award year 2021–2022 have an interest rate of 3.73 percent. Interest payments for these loans are fully subsidized by the Federal Government while a student is in school and during grace and deferment periods. The interest rate on new Unsubsidized Stafford loans for undergraduate borrowers is the same as that on Subsidized Stafford loans for undergraduates. The Unsubsidized Stafford loan interest rate for graduate and professional students is equal to the 10-year Treasury note plus 3.6 percent and capped at 9.5 percent. Loans originated in award year 2021–2022 have an interest rate of 5.28 percent. The borrower interest rate on PLUS loans to graduate and professional students and parents of undergraduate borrowers is equal to the 10-year Treasury note plus 4.6 percent and capped at 10.5 percent. PLUS loans originated in award year 2021–2022 have an interest rate of 6.28 percent.

Consolidation loans allow borrowers to combine FFEL, Direct Loans, and Perkins Loans, as well as some loans made under the Public Health Service Act. The interest rate for new Consolidation loans equals the weighted average of the interest rate on the loans consolidated, rounded up to the nearest one-eighth of a percent. For most types of Direct Loans, the origination fee is a base rate of 1 percent, but an additional surcharge for sequestration was added in years 2013 to 2021. The base origination fee for PLUS loans is 4 percent, but has included an additional surcharge in years 2013 to 2021. Borrowers may choose from four basic types of repayment plans: standard; graduated; extended (available for qualified borrowers who have outstanding loans of more than $30,000); and income-driven. FFEL borrowers may change repayment plans annually. Direct Loan borrowers may switch between repayment plans at any time. The maximum repayment period is 10 years for standard and graduated plans, as well as the income-sensitive repayment plan that is available only for FFEL loans. Under the current income-driven administrative Pay As You Earn (PAYE) and statutory Income-Based-Repayment (IBR) plans, for new borrowers after 2014, the repayment period is 20 years. Under the current income-driven administrative REPAYE plan, the repayment period is 20 or 25 years depending on whether the borrower has any graduate school loans. And, under the extended, former IBR (for borrowers prior to 2014), and income-contingent repayment plans, the maximum time is 25 years. PAYE and IBR require partial financial hardship in order to qualify for reduced payments and borrowers in those plans have their monthly payments capped at the monthly payment of the 10-year Standard plan. At the end of the repayment term, the borrower's remaining balance is forgiven.

Federal student loans have other benefits. For example, Federal student loans can be discharged when borrowers die, become totally and permanently disabled, or, under some circumstances, declare bankruptcy. In addition, there are several loan forgiveness programs. For example, new borrowers after October 1, 1998, who are employed as teachers in schools serving low-income populations for 5 consecutive, complete school years, qualify for up to $5,000 in loan forgiveness; this benefit is increased to $17,500 for mathematics, science, and special education teachers considered highly qualified under criteria established in the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. In addition, under the Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program, qualifying borrowers who have worked for 10 years full-time for an eligible public service employer, and made 120 qualifying monthly payments after October 1, 2007 in the standard or income-driven plans can have any remaining loan balance forgiven. This benefit is only available in the Direct Loan program, though FFEL borrowers may receive the benefit by taking out a Direct Consolidation Loan. Forgiveness is available for all Direct Loan borrowers, regardless of when they took out their loans.

On Oct. 6, 2021, the Department of Education announced a pandemic-related waiver to the Public Service Loan Forgiveness program statute. The limited waiver impacted student loan borrowers with Direct Loans, those who have already consolidated into the Direct Loan Program, and those who consolidate into the Direct Loan Program by Oct. 31, 2022. Under the new temporary rules, any prior period of repayment will count as a qualifying payment, regardless of loan program, repayment plan, or whether the payment was made in full or on time.

The following tables display performance indicators and program data, including projected overall Direct Loan and FFEL costs.

Federal Budget Authority and Outlays (in thousands of dollars)


2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

PROGRAM COST:
FFEL:
Liquidating1 $0 ($142,991) ($212,722)
Program:
Net Reestimate of Prior Year Costs 3,192,111 9,797,237 0
Net Modification2 6,112,293 2,157,407 0
Subtotal, Program 9,304,404 11,954,645 0
Total, FFEL 9,304,404 11,811,654 (212,722)
Direct Loans:
Program:
New Net Loan Subsidies 413,686 6,042,991 12,733,042
Net Reestimate of Prior Year Costs 52,835,898 13,004,854 0
Net Modification3 70,861,525 2,221,570 0
Total, Direct Loans 124,111,109 21,269,415 12,733,042
Total, FFEL and Direct Loans 133,415,513 33,081,069 12,520,320
PROGRAM COST OUTLAYS:
FFEL:
Liquidating1 (73,374) (142,991) (212,722)
Program:
Net Reestimate of Prior Year Costs 3,192,111 9,797,237 0
Net Modification2 6,112,293 2,157,407 0
Subtotal, Program 9,304,404 11,954,645 0
Total, FFEL 9,231,030 11,811,654 (212,722)
Direct Loans:
Program:
Regular 1,587,764 5,146,489 11,111,824
Net Reestimate of Prior Year Costs 52,835,898 13,004,854 0
Net Modification3 70,861,525 2,221,570 0
Total, Direct Loans 125,285,187 20,372,914 11,111,824
Total, FFEL and Direct Loans 134,516,217 32,184,567 10,899,102

1 Liquidating account reflects loans made prior to 1992.2 FY 2021 reflects costs related to COVID Payment Pause extension and the Total Permanent Disability regulation modification. FY 2022 reflects costs related to the COVID payment pause extension, the shift to Business Process Operations modification, and support for the Federal Student Loan Reserve Fund modification.3 FY 2021 reflects costs for COVID Payment Pause, the Total Permanent Disability regulation modification , and the final faith based regulation modification. FY 2022 reflects costs of related to the COVID payment pause extension, and the shift to Business Process Operations modification.

Summary of Default Rates1 (expressed as percentages)


2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Direct Loans:
Stafford 25.34 26.23 27.32
Unsubsidized Stafford
Undergraduate 29.90 31.46 32.23
Graduate/Professional 12.89 14.03 13.62
PLUS
Parent PLUS 12.80 15.07 15.23
Grad PLUS 10.13 10.27 10.32
Consolidation 16.92 16.47 17.03
Weighted Average, Direct Loans 18.26 18.91 19.18

1 Default rates displayed in this table, which reflect projected defaults over the life of a loan cohort, are used in developing program cost estimates. The Department uses other rates based on defaults occurring in the first two years of repayment to determine institutional eligibility to participate in Federal loan programs. (The Higher Education Opportunity Act of 2008 changed this requirement to a three-year rate.) These two- and three-year rates tend to be lower than those included in this table.

Selected Program Costs and Offsets (in thousands of dollars)


2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

FFEL:
Payments to lenders:
Interest benefits $614,646 $18,476 $5,689
Special allowance payments1 (2,405,579) (401,288) (174,628)
Default claims 2,783,884 883,238 413,944
Loan discharges 945,929 1,049,017 897,744
Teacher loan forgiveness 40,362 27,375 21,350
Administrative payments to guaranty agencies 81,393 1,015,498 60,680
Fees paid to the Department of Education:
Loan holder fees (929,485) (109,170) (56,332)
Other Major Transactions:
Net default collections (3,026,580) (3,050,428) (3,565,594)
Contract collection costs 6,657 8,461 18,409
Federal administrative costs 34,880 34,880 58,552
Net Cash Flow, FFEL (1,853,893) (523,941) (2,320,185)
Ensuring Continued Access to Student Loans (ECASLA):
Inflows (6,350,064) (5,850,929) (5,482,747)
Outflows 6,483,317 6,412,471 (5,482,747)
Federal administrative costs 104,639 104,639 175,657
Net Cash Flow, ECASLA 237,892 666,180 175,657
Direct Loans:
Loan disbursements to borrowers 104,802,726 112,471,192 114,619,451
Borrower interest payments (2,060,947) (7,749,132) (27,071,236)
Borrower principal payments (32,095,343) (51,324,766) (76,931,973)
Borrower origination fees (1,561,562) (1,613,832) (1,625,360)
Net default collections (1,505,442) (9,769,494) (10,535,543)
Contract collection costs 456,090 449,828 528,059
Federal administrative costs 750,285 756,724 1,253,853
Net operating cash flows 68,785,806 43,220,520 237,251
Loan capital borrowings from Treasury (104,802,726) (112,471,192) (114,619,451)
Net interest payments to Treasury 28,726,990 29,433,763 29,186,478
Principal payments to Treasury 132,870,843 80,860,862 86,425,417
Subtotal, Treasury activity 56,795,108 (2,176,567) 992,443
Net Cash Flow, Direct Loans 125,580,914 41,043,953 1,229,695

1 Includes Negative Special Allowance Payments.

Student Loan Program Costs: Analysis of Direct Loans Including Program and Administrative Expenses (expressed as percentages)


2021 actual1 2022 est. 2023 est.

Direct Loans:
New Loans:
Stafford 13.05 7.98 12.18
Unsubsidized Stafford
Undergraduate 9.37 0.77 4.17
Graduate/Professional 12.01 2.88 8.18
PLUS
Parent PLUS –25.34 –36.83 –35.84
Grad PLUS 13.50 4.98 10.77
Subtotal, new loan subsidy 7.65 –0.75 3.37
Federal administrative costs 1.70 1.70 1.70
Subtotal, new loans 9.35 0.95 5.07
Consolidation Loans
Loan subsidy 22.61 24.53 32.52
Federal administrative costs 0.38 0.38 0.38
Subtotal, consolidation loans 22.99 24.91 32.90
New and Consolidation Loans
Loan subsidy 10.43 4.91 10.27
Federal administrative costs 1.45 1.45 1.45
Total, Direct Loans 11.88 6.36 11.72

1 For 2021, the rates are current; these include actual executed rates for 2021 and the effects of re-estimates on those rates.

The table above describes Direct Loan costs on a subsidy rate basis: program costs calculated under the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990 and comparably projected estimates of Federal administrative costs. As with any long-term projection, the comparison is based on assumed future interest rates, borrower characteristics, administrative costs, and other factors over the life of the loan cohort. To the degree actual conditions differ from projections, estimated subsidy rates will change.

The Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990 requires the cost of existing loan cohorts to be reestimated to reflect changes in actual and assumed borrower behavior, interest rates, and other factors. The following table shows the impact of these reestimates in FFEL and Direct Loans.

Loan Disbursement and Subsidy Costs (in billions of dollars)

Total Subsidy Costs 1992–2021 (in billions of dollars)


FFEL Direct Loans

Original Subsidy Costs +$77.1 -$113.0
Cumulative Reestimates –45.9 +164.3
Net Subsidy Costs +31.1 +51.3
Total Disbursements +898.7 +1,849.1

For Direct Loans, the net upward reestimate reflects several assumption updates, including changes to the income-driven repayment plan model. Model assumptions affecting the 2021 cohort were also updated. The Direct Loan upward net reestimate for 2022 is primarily due to updated IDR assumptions and discount rates.

Direct Loan Repayment Options (expressed as percentages)


Subsidies by Repayment Option 2021 actual1 2022 est. 2023 est.

Stafford:
Standard 5.35 –1.80 3.21
Extended –0.59 –8.02 –4.22
Graduated 2.72 –4.91 –0.33
IDR2 31.53 29.13 33.92
Unsubsidized Stafford:
Standard –5.66 –17.41 –15.09
Extended –15.30 –28.23 –27.87
Graduated –10.91 –23.92 –22.42
IDR 32.02 27.62 34.09
PLUS:
Standard –21.77 –33.08 –32.46
Extended –35.00 –47.74 –48.53
Graduated –38.90 –51.68 –51.42
IDR 33.41 27.53 34.92
Consolidated:
Standard –11.12 –11.12 –7.39
Extended –40.55 –38.36 –25.10
Graduated –46.89 –44.15 –30.94
IDR 39.04 38.51 44.85

Direct Loan Repayment Options (gross volumes in millions of dollars)


Volumes by Repayment Option 2021 actual1 2022 est. 2023 est.

Stafford:
Standard $9,930 $9,590 $9,683
Extended 416 439 408
Graduated 2,409 2,310 2,352
IDR2 5,785 5,940 5,652
Unsubsidized Stafford:
Standard 20,707 21,403 20,799
Extended 1,789 1,865 1,810
Graduated 5,818 5,795 5,856
IDR 24,428 24,218 24,669
PLUS:
Standard 11,719 11,504 12,008
Extended 963 1,039 981
Graduated 2,306 2,597 2,350
IDR 8,537 8,690 8,939
Consolidated:
Standard 30 21 33
Extended 3,147 3,855 3,682
Graduated 1,210 1,352 1,391
IDR 17,276 22,320 24,472

1 2021 rates are current; these include actual executed rates for 2021 and the effects of re-estimates on those rates.2 All income-driven plans are included in the IDR category.

Federal Direct Student Loan Program Financing Account

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–4253–0–3–502 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Obligations by program activity:
0301 Consolidation loans-Payment of Orig. Services 13 24 24
0401 Payment of contract collection costs 456 450 528
Credit program obligations:
0710 Direct loan obligations 122,086 122,938 125,085
0713 Payment of interest to Treasury 32,957 29,434 29,186
0740 Negative subsidy obligations 4,783 3,372 2,581
0741 Modification savings 10,098
0742 Downward reestimates paid to receipt accounts 431 13,104
0743 Interest on downward reestimates 408 598



0791 Direct program activities, subtotal 160,665 179,544 156,852



0900 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts 161,134 180,018 157,404

Budgetary resources:
Unobligated balance:
1000 Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1 3,379 2,080 681
1021 Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations 15,811 16,048 16,289
1023 Unobligated balances applied to repay debt –4,984 –2,080
1024 Unobligated balance of borrowing authority withdrawn –13,558 –16,048 –16,289
1033 Recoveries of prior year paid obligations 22



1070 Unobligated balance (total) 670 681
Financing authority:
Appropriations, mandatory:
1200 Appropriation 182 1,286
Borrowing authority, mandatory:
1400 Borrowing authority 127,015 141,309 113,079
Spending authority from offsetting collections, mandatory:
1800 Collected 171,477 118,276 129,975
1801 Change in uncollected payments, Federal sources –543 828 760
1820 Capital transfer of spending authority from offsetting collections to general fund –2,716 –139
1825 Spending authority from offsetting collections applied to repay debt –132,871 –80,861 –86,425



1850 Spending auth from offsetting collections, mand (total) 35,347 38,104 44,310
1900 Budget authority (total) 162,544 180,699 157,389
1930 Total budgetary resources available 163,214 180,699 158,070
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941 Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year 2,080 681 666

Change in obligated balance:
Unpaid obligations:
3000 Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1 58,766 60,334 58,122
3010 New obligations, unexpired accounts 161,134 180,018 157,404
3020 Outlays (gross) –143,755 –166,182 –144,361
3040 Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, unexpired –15,811 –16,048 –16,289



3050 Unpaid obligations, end of year 60,334 58,122 54,876
Uncollected payments:
3060 Uncollected pymts, Fed sources, brought forward, Oct 1 –934 –391 –1,219
3070 Change in uncollected pymts, Fed sources, unexpired 543 –828 –760



3090 Uncollected pymts, Fed sources, end of year –391 –1,219 –1,979
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100 Obligated balance, start of year 57,832 59,943 56,903
3200 Obligated balance, end of year 59,943 56,903 52,897

Financing authority and disbursements, net:
Mandatory:
4090 Budget authority, gross 162,544 180,699 157,389
Financing disbursements:
4110 Outlays, gross (total) 143,755 166,182 144,361
Offsets against gross financing authority and disbursements:
Offsetting collections (collected) from:
4120 Upward reestimate –47,241 –22,331
4120 Upward reestimate, interest –6,434 –4,376
4120 Upward TPD Mod –18,690
4120 Upward FY22 Mods –12,319
4120 Upward COVID Executive Authority Mod –51,999
4120 Upward Faith-Based Mod –122
4120 Program Subsidy –5,558 –8,793 –13,811
4122 Interest on uninvested funds –4,230
4123 Repayment of principal, Stafford –6,084 –12,123 –17,582
4123 Interest received on loans, Stafford –172 –1,072 –3,587
4123 Origination Fees, Stafford –166 –170 –168
4123 Other fees, Stafford –15
4123 Repayment of principal, Unsubsidized Stafford –14,875 –27,163 –37,503
4123 Interest received on loans, Unsubsidized Stafford –938 –2,428 –8,777
4123 Origination Fees, Unsubsidized Stafford –474 –489 –489
4123 Other fees, Unsubsidized Stafford –18
4123 Repayment of principal, PLUS –7,049 –11,256 –20,400
4123 Interest received on loans, PLUS –719 –973 –4,792
4123 Origination Fees, PLUS –922 –955 –968
4123 Other fees, PLUS –5
4123 Payment of principal, Consolidation –5,323 –10,553 –11,983
4123 Interest received on loans, Consolidation –448 –3,275 –9,915
4123 Other fees, Consolidation –17



4130 Offsets against gross budget authority and outlays (total) –171,499 –118,276 –129,975
Additional offsets against financing authority only (total):
4140 Change in uncollected pymts, Fed sources, unexpired 543 –828 –760
4143 Recoveries of prior year paid obligations, unexpired accounts 22



4150 Additional offsets against budget authority only (total) 565 –828 –760



4160 Budget authority, net (mandatory) –8,390 61,595 26,654
4170 Outlays, net (mandatory) –27,744 47,906 14,386
4180 Budget authority, net (total) –8,390 61,595 26,654
4190 Outlays, net (total) –27,744 47,906 14,386

Status of Direct Loans (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–4253–0–3–502 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

STAFFORD
Position with respect to appropriations act limitation on obligations:
1111 Direct loan obligations from current-year authority 20,070 18,279 18,096



1150 Total direct loan obligations 20,070 18,279 18,096

Cumulative balance of direct loans outstanding:
1210 Outstanding, start of year 242,061 251,477 254,402
1231 Disbursements: Direct loan disbursements 16,068 16,085 15,890
1251 Repayments: Repayments and prepayments –6,084 –12,123 –17,582
1261 Adjustments: Capitalized interest 653 36 43
1264 Other adjustments, net (+ or -) –1,221 –1,073 –873



1290 Outstanding, end of year 251,477 254,402 251,880

UNSUBSIDIZED STAFFORD
Position with respect to appropriations act limitation on obligations:
1111 Direct loan obligations from current-year authority 55,953 53,281 53,134



1150 Total direct loan obligations 55,953 53,281 53,134

Cumulative balance of direct loans outstanding:
1210 Outstanding, start of year 420,709 450,191 468,575
1231 Disbursements: Direct loan disbursements 45,409 46,265 46,255
1251 Repayments: Repayments and prepayments –14,875 –27,163 –37,503
1261 Adjustments: Capitalized interest 1,135 1,772 3,006
1264 Other adjustments, net (+ or -) –2,187 –2,490 –2,306



1290 Outstanding, end of year 450,191 468,575 478,027

PLUS
Position with respect to appropriations act limitation on obligations:
1111 Direct loan obligations from current-year authority 23,582 23,830 24,277



1150 Total direct loan obligations 23,582 23,830 24,277

Cumulative balance of direct loans outstanding:
1210 Outstanding, start of year 152,877 167,247 177,825
1231 Disbursements: Direct loan disbursements 21,818 22,583 22,907
1251 Repayments: Repayments and prepayments –7,049 –11,256 –20,399
1261 Adjustments: Capitalized interest 412 450 916
1264 Other adjustments, net (+ or -) –811 –1,199 –1,232



1290 Outstanding, end of year 167,247 177,825 180,017

CONSOLIDATION
Position with respect to appropriations act limitation on obligations:
1111 Direct loan obligations from current-year authority 22,481 27,548 29,578



1150 Total direct loan obligations 22,481 27,548 29,578

Cumulative balance of direct loans outstanding:
1210 Outstanding, start of year 409,169 423,299 437,569
1231 Disbursements: Direct loan disbursements 21,508 27,539 29,568
1251 Repayments: Repayments and prepayments –5,322 –10,553 –11,982
1264 Other adjustments, net (+ or -) –2,056 –2,716 –2,585



1290 Outstanding, end of year 423,299 437,569 452,570

As required by the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990, this nonbudgetary account records all cash flows to and from the Government resulting from Federal Direct Student Loans. Amounts in this account are a means of financing and are not included in the budget totals.

Balance Sheet (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–4253–0–3–502 2020 actual 2021 actual

ASSETS:
Federal assets:
1101 Fund balances with Treasury 13,483 20,788
Investments in U.S. securities:
1106 Receivables, net 50,856 20,575
1206 Non-Federal assets: Receivables, net 174 217
Net value of assets related to post-1991 direct loans receivable:
1401 Direct loans receivable, gross 1,224,816 1,292,214
1402 Interest receivable 92,133 86,486
1405 Allowance for subsidy cost (-) –216,406 –273,866


1499 Net present value of assets related to direct loans 1,100,543 1,104,834
1901 Other Federal assets: Other assets


1999 Total assets 1,165,056 1,146,414
LIABILITIES:
Federal liabilities:
2101 Accounts payable
2103 Debt 1,160,099 1,142,195
2105 Other 1,773 303
2201 Non-Federal liabilities: Accounts payable 3,184 3,916


2999 Total liabilities 1,165,056 1,146,414
NET POSITION:
3300 Cumulative results of operations


4999 Total liabilities and net position 1,165,056 1,146,414

Federal Family Education Loan Program Account

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0231–0–1–502 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Obligations by program activity:
Credit program obligations:
0703 Subsidy for modifications of direct loans 2,948 661
0704 Subsidy for modifications of loan guarantees 3,164 2,044
0705 Reestimates of direct loan subsidy 940 897
0706 Interest on reestimates of direct loan subsidy 402 428
0707 Reestimates of loan guarantee subsidy 1,194 3,866
0708 Interest on reestimates of loan guarantee subsidy 1,245 4,606



0900 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts (object class 41.0) 9,893 12,502

Budgetary resources:
Budget authority:
Appropriations, mandatory:
1200 Appropriation 9,893 12,502
1930 Total budgetary resources available 9,893 12,502

Change in obligated balance:
Unpaid obligations:
3010 New obligations, unexpired accounts 9,893 12,502
3020 Outlays (gross) –9,893 –12,502

Budget authority and outlays, net:
Mandatory:
4090 Budget authority, gross 9,893 12,502
Outlays, gross:
4100 Outlays from new mandatory authority 9,893 12,502
4180 Budget authority, net (total) 9,893 12,502
4190 Outlays, net (total) 9,893 12,502

Summary of Loan Levels, Subsidy Budget Authority and Outlays by Program (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0231–0–1–502 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Direct loan subsidy outlays:
134010 Direct Participation Agreement Reestimates 1,879 131
134012 Direct Standard Put Reestimates 1,069 76



134999 Total subsidy outlays 2,948 207
Direct loan reestimates:
135010 Direct Participation Agreement Reestimates 838 859
135012 Direct Standard Put Reestimates 505 467



135999 Total direct loan reestimates 1,343 1,326
Guaranteed loan subsidy outlays:
234006 FFEL Guarantees 3,164 1,950



234999 Total subsidy outlays 3,164 1,950
Guaranteed loan reestimates:
235006 FFEL Guarantees 1,849 8,472



235999 Total guaranteed loan reestimates 1,849 8,472

As required by the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990, this program account records the subsidy costs associated with Federal Family Education Loans (FFEL), formerly guaranteed student loans, committed in 1992 and beyond. Beginning with the 1993 cohort of loans, mandatory administrative costs, specifically contract collection costs, are included in the FFEL subsidy estimates of each year's cohort. Subsidy amounts are estimated on a net present value basis.

A description of the FFEL program and accompanying tables are included under the Federal Direct Student Loan program account.

Federal Family Education Loan Program Financing Account

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–4251–0–3–502 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Obligations by program activity:
0101 Default claims 516 252 167
0103 Interest benefits 280 15 6
0104 Death, disability, and bankruptcy claims 97 82 44
0105 Teacher loan forgiveness, other write-offs 12
0107 Contract collection costs 3 3 5
0109 Rehab purchase fee 4 5
0110 Guaranty Agency account maintenance fees 11 17



0191 Subtotal, Stafford loans 919 373 227
0202 Default claims 614 326 220
0203 Special allowance 1 1
0204 Death, disability, and bankruptcy claims 135 93 66
0205 Teacher loan forgiveness, other write-offs 7
0207 Contract collection costs 3 3 5
0209 Rehab purchase fee 3 4
0210 Guaranty Agency account maintenance fees 11 13



0291 Subtotal, Unsubsidized Stafford loans 770 439 296
0301 Default claims 101 43 19
0304 Death, disability, and bankruptcy claims 54 19 15
0307 Contract Collection Costs 1 1
0309 Rehab purchase fee 1 1
0310 Guaranty Agency account maintenance fees 3 1



0391 Subtotal, PLUS loans 158 65 36
0405 Death, disability, and bankruptcy claims 4 3



0491 Subtotal, SLS loans 4 3
0501 Default claims 1,541 250 8
0502 Special allowance 4 5
0503 Interest benefits 148 1
0504 Death, disability, and bankruptcy claims 648 840 771
0505 Teacher loan forgiveness, other write-offs 22
0507 Contract collection costs 4 6 8
0509 Rehab purchase fee 5 5
0510 Guaranty Agency account maintenance fees 54 37
0511 Guaranty Agency Covid Reimbursement 949



0591 Subtotal, Consolidations loans 2,417 2,092 797
Credit program obligations:
0713 Payment of interest to Treasury 2,099 1,274 396
0741 Modification savings 93
0742 Downward reestimates paid to receipt accounts 267
0743 Interest on downward reestimates 322



0791 Direct program activities, subtotal 2,688 1,367 396



0900 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts 6,952 4,340 1,755

Budgetary resources:
Unobligated balance:
1000 Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1 18,734 19,594 29,208
1021 Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations 826
1033 Recoveries of prior year paid obligations 236



1070 Unobligated balance (total) 19,796 19,594 29,208
Financing authority:
Appropriations, mandatory:
1200 Appropriation 14
Borrowing authority, mandatory:
1400 Borrowing authority 1,430 93
Spending authority from offsetting collections, mandatory:
1800 Collected 12,592 13,892 3,801
1820 Capital transfer of spending authority from offsetting collections to general fund –359 –45
1825 Spending authority from offsetting collections applied to repay debt –6,913



1850 Spending auth from offsetting collections, mand (total) 5,320 13,847 3,801
1900 Budget authority (total) 6,750 13,954 3,801
1930 Total budgetary resources available 26,546 33,548 33,009
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941 Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year 19,594 29,208 31,254

Change in obligated balance:
Unpaid obligations:
3000 Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1 1,068 379 382
3010 New obligations, unexpired accounts 6,952 4,340 1,755
3020 Outlays (gross) –6,815 –4,337 –1,934
3040 Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, unexpired –826



3050 Unpaid obligations, end of year 379 382 203
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100 Obligated balance, start of year 1,068 379 382
3200 Obligated balance, end of year 379 382 203

Financing authority and disbursements, net:
Mandatory:
4090 Budget authority, gross 6,750 13,954 3,801
Financing disbursements:
4110 Outlays, gross (total) 6,815 4,337 1,934
Offsets against gross financing authority and disbursements:
Offsetting collections (collected) from:
4120 Upward reestimate –1,194 –3,866
4120 Interest on upward reestimate –1,245 –4,606
4120 Upward TPD Mod –2,163
4120 Upward COVID Executive Authority Mod –1,001
4120 Upward CY Mods –2,043
4122 Interest on uninvested funds –1,236
4123 Stafford recoveries on defaults –718 –565 –793
4123 Stafford other fees –22
4123 Stafford special allowance rebate –498 –46 –14
4123 Unsubsidized Stafford recoveries on default –743 –624 –873
4123 Unsubsidized Stafford other fees –23
4123 Unsubsidized Stafford special allowance rebate –696 –120 –45
4123 PLUS recoveries on defaults –93 –84 –118
4123 PLUS other fees –3
4123 PLUS special allowance rebate –226 –10 –4
4123 SLS recoveries on defaults –5 –1 –1
4123 Consolidation recoveries on defaults –1,196 –1,589 –1,781
4123 Consolidation loan holders fee –930 –109 –56
4123 Consolidation other fees –37
4123 Consolidation special allowance rebate –799 –229 –116



4130 Offsets against gross budget authority and outlays (total) –12,828 –13,892 –3,801
Additional offsets against financing authority only (total):
4143 Recoveries of prior year paid obligations, unexpired accounts 236



4160 Budget authority, net (mandatory) –5,842 62
4170 Outlays, net (mandatory) –6,013 –9,555 –1,867
4180 Budget authority, net (total) –5,842 62
4190 Outlays, net (total) –6,013 –9,555 –1,867

Status of Guaranteed Loans (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–4251–0–3–502 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

STAFFORD
Cumulative balance of guaranteed loans outstanding:
2210 Outstanding, start of year 15,475 14,605 13,487
2251 Repayments and prepayments –902 –784 –724
Adjustments:
2261 Terminations for default that result in loans receivable –516 –252 –167
2263 Terminations for default that result in claim payments –97 –82 –44
2264 Other adjustments, net 645



2290 Outstanding, end of year 14,605 13,487 12,552

Memorandum:
2299 Guaranteed amount of guaranteed loans outstanding, end of year 14,605 13,487 12,552

Addendum:
Cumulative balance of defaulted guaranteed loans that result in loans receivable:
2310 Outstanding, start of year 3,452 3,199 2,726
2331 Disbursements for guaranteed loan claims 516 252 167
2351 Repayments of loans receivable –718 –565 –793
2361 Write-offs of loans receivable –97 –260 –189
2364 Other adjustments, net 46 100 100



2390 Outstanding, end of year 3,199 2,726 2,011

UNSUBSIDIZED STAFFORD
Cumulative balance of guaranteed loans outstanding:
2210 Outstanding, start of year 19,366 18,301 16,899
2251 Repayments and prepayments –1,129 –983 –907
Adjustments:
2261 Terminations for default that result in loans receivable –614 –326 –220
2263 Terminations for default that result in claim payments –135 –93 –66
2264 Other adjustments, net 813



2290 Outstanding, end of year 18,301 16,899 15,706

Memorandum:
2299 Guaranteed amount of guaranteed loans outstanding, end of year 18,301 16,899 15,706

Addendum:
Cumulative balance of defaulted guaranteed loans that result in loans receivable:
2310 Outstanding, start of year 9,385 9,254 8,825
2331 Disbursements for guaranteed loan claims 614 326 220
2351 Repayments of loans receivable –743 –624 –873
2361 Write-offs of loans receivable –135 –131 –119
2364 Other adjustments, net 133



2390 Outstanding, end of year 9,254 8,825 8,053

PLUS
Cumulative balance of guaranteed loans outstanding:
2210 Outstanding, start of year 3,000 2,686 2,410
2251 Repayments and prepayments –175 –144 –129
Adjustments:
2261 Terminations for default that result in loans receivable –101 –113 –83
2263 Terminations for default that result in claim payments –54 –19 –15
2264 Other adjustments, net 16



2290 Outstanding, end of year 2,686 2,410 2,183

Memorandum:
2299 Guaranteed amount of guaranteed loans outstanding, end of year 2,686 2,410 2,183

Addendum:
Cumulative balance of defaulted guaranteed loans that result in loans receivable:
2310 Outstanding, start of year 37 15 94
2331 Disbursements for guaranteed loan claims 101 113 83
2351 Repayments of loans receivable –93 –84 –118
2361 Write-offs of loans receivable –54 –10 –10
2364 Other adjustments, net 24 60 60



2390 Outstanding, end of year 15 94 109

SLS
Cumulative balance of guaranteed loans outstanding:
2210 Outstanding, start of year 40 59 52
2251 Repayments and prepayments –2 –3 –3
Adjustments:
2261 Terminations for default that result in loans receivable
2263 Terminations for default that result in claim payments –4 –3
2264 Other adjustments, net 21



2290 Outstanding, end of year 59 52 46

Memorandum:
2299 Guaranteed amount of guaranteed loans outstanding, end of year 59 52 46

Addendum:
Cumulative balance of defaulted guaranteed loans that result in loans receivable:
2310 Outstanding, start of year 281 280 275
2331 Disbursements for guaranteed loan claims
2351 Repayments of loans receivable –5 –1
2361 Write-offs of loans receivable –4 –3
2364 Other adjustments, net 4



2390 Outstanding, end of year 280 275 272

CONSOLIDATION
Cumulative balance of guaranteed loans outstanding:
2210 Outstanding, start of year 89,800 81,610 76,138
2251 Repayments and prepayments –5,235 –4,382 –4,089
Adjustments:
2261 Terminations for default that result in loans receivable –1,541 –250 –8
2263 Terminations for default that result in claim payments –648 –840 –771
2264 Other adjustments, net –766



2290 Outstanding, end of year 81,610 76,138 71,270

Memorandum:
2299 Guaranteed amount of guaranteed loans outstanding, end of year 81,610 76,138 71,270

Addendum:
Cumulative balance of defaulted guaranteed loans that result in loans receivable:
2310 Outstanding, start of year 19,902 19,865 17,987
2331 Disbursements for guaranteed loan claims 1,541 250 8
2351 Repayments of loans receivable –1,196 –1,588 –1,781
2361 Write-offs of loans receivable –648 –840 –770
2364 Other adjustments, net 266 300 250



2390 Outstanding, end of year 19,865 17,987 15,694

As required by the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990, this nonbudgetary account records all cash flows to and from the Government resulting from Federal Family Education Loans, formerly guaranteed student loans, committed in 1992 and beyond. The amounts in this account are a means of financing and are not included in the budget totals.

Balance Sheet (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–4251–0–3–502 2020 actual 2021 actual

ASSETS:
Federal assets:
1101 Fund balances with Treasury 19,802 19,972
Investments in U.S. securities:
1106 Receivables, net 1,522 6,842
1206 Non-Federal assets: Receivables, net 14 5
Net value of assets related to post-1991 acquired defaulted guaranteed loans receivable:
1501 Defaulted guaranteed loans receivable, gross 33,057 32,613
1502 Interest receivable 9,117 9,298
1505 Allowance for subsidy cost (-) –22,286 –26,735


1599 Net present value of assets related to defaulted guaranteed loans 19,888 15,176
1901 Other Federal assets: Other assets 2


1999 Total assets 41,228 41,995
LIABILITIES:
Federal liabilities:
2101 Accounts payable 74
2103 Debt 40,190 34,707
2105 Other 1
Non-Federal liabilities:
2201 Accounts payable 83 35
2204 Liabilities for loan guarantees 881 7,252


2999 Total liabilities 41,228 41,995
NET POSITION:
3300 Cumulative results of operations


4999 Total liabilities and net position 41,228 41,995

Temporary Student Loan Purchase Authority Financing Account

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–4453–0–3–502 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Obligations by program activity:
0006 Contract collection costs 20 32 28
Credit program obligations:
0713 Payment of interest to Treasury 950 963 815
0741 Modification savings 290



0791 Direct program activities, subtotal 950 1,253 815



0900 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts 970 1,285 843

Budgetary resources:
Unobligated balance:
1000 Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1 306 67 421
1021 Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations 2
1023 Unobligated balances applied to repay debt –308 –67



1070 Unobligated balance (total) 421
Financing authority:
Appropriations, mandatory:
1200 Appropriation 37 60
Borrowing authority, mandatory:
1400 Borrowing authority 31 290
Spending authority from offsetting collections, mandatory:
1800 Collected 4,004 3,844 3,490
1825 Spending authority from offsetting collections applied to repay debt –3,035 –2,488 –2,647



1850 Spending auth from offsetting collections, mand (total) 969 1,356 843
1900 Budget authority (total) 1,037 1,706 843
1930 Total budgetary resources available 1,037 1,706 1,264
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941 Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year 67 421 421

Change in obligated balance:
Unpaid obligations:
3000 Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1 10 5 5
3010 New obligations, unexpired accounts 970 1,285 843
3020 Outlays (gross) –973 –1,285 –843
3040 Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, unexpired –2



3050 Unpaid obligations, end of year 5 5 5
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100 Obligated balance, start of year 10 5 5
3200 Obligated balance, end of year 5 5 5

Financing authority and disbursements, net:
Mandatory:
4090 Budget authority, gross 1,037 1,706 843
Financing disbursements:
4110 Outlays, gross (total) 973 1,285 843
Offsets against gross financing authority and disbursements:
Offsetting collections (collected) from:
4120 Upward reestimate –586 –579
4120 Upward reestimate interest –252 –280
4120 FY22 Mods –421
4120 Upward COVID Executive Action Mod –1,879
4122 Interest on uninvested funds –57
4123 Principal repayments –1,063 –2,303 –2,793
4123 Interest repayments –165 –261 –697
4123 Fees and other refunds –2



4130 Offsets against gross budget authority and outlays (total) –4,004 –3,844 –3,490



4160 Budget authority, net (mandatory) –2,967 –2,138 –2,647
4170 Outlays, net (mandatory) –3,031 –2,559 –2,647
4180 Budget authority, net (total) –2,967 –2,138 –2,647
4190 Outlays, net (total) –3,031 –2,559 –2,647

Status of Direct Loans (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–4453–0–3–502 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Cumulative balance of direct loans outstanding:
1210 Outstanding, start of year 30,683 29,178 26,759
1251 Repayments: Repayments and prepayments –1,063 –2,303 –2,793
1264 Other adjustments, net (+ or -) –442 –116 –107



1290 Outstanding, end of year 29,178 26,759 23,859

As required by the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990, this nonbudgetary account records all cash flows to and from the Government resulting from the participation interest program authorized under the Ensuring Continued Access to Student Loans Act of 2008. Amounts in this account are a means of financing and are not included in the budget totals.

Balance Sheet (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–4453–0–3–502 2020 actual 2021 actual

ASSETS:
Federal assets:
1101 Fund balances with Treasury 316 71
Investments in U.S. securities:
1106 Receivables, net 1,300 860
Net value of assets related to post-1991 direct loans receivable:
1401 Direct loans receivable, gross 30,683 29,178
1402 Interest receivable 6,003 5,774
1405 Allowance for subsidy cost (-) –6,422 –7,315


1499 Net present value of assets related to direct loans 30,264 27,637
1901 Other Federal assets: Other assets 1 1


1999 Total assets 31,881 28,569
LIABILITIES:
Federal liabilities:
2101 Accounts payable
2103 Debt 31,881 28,569
2105 Other
2201 Non-Federal liabilities: Accounts payable


2999 Total liabilities 31,881 28,569
NET POSITION:
3300 Cumulative results of operations


4999 Total liabilities and net position 31,881 28,569

Student Loan Acquisition Account

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–4449–0–3–502 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Obligations by program activity:
0005 Contract collection costs 11 18 16
Credit program obligations:
0713 Payment of interest to Treasury 447 695 469
0741 Modification savings 164



0791 Direct program activities, subtotal 447 859 469



0900 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts 458 877 485

Budgetary resources:
Unobligated balance:
1000 Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1 89 51 241
1021 Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations 2
1023 Unobligated balances applied to repay debt –91 –51



1070 Unobligated balance (total) 241
Financing authority:
Appropriations, mandatory:
1200 Appropriation 20 34
Borrowing authority, mandatory:
1400 Borrowing authority 159 164
Spending authority from offsetting collections, mandatory:
1800 Collected 2,308 1,980 1,946
1825 Spending authority from offsetting collections applied to repay debt –1,978 –1,060 –1,460



1850 Spending auth from offsetting collections, mand (total) 330 920 486
1900 Budget authority (total) 509 1,118 486
1930 Total budgetary resources available 509 1,118 727
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941 Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year 51 241 242

Change in obligated balance:
Unpaid obligations:
3000 Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1 9 5 5
3010 New obligations, unexpired accounts 458 877 485
3020 Outlays (gross) –460 –877 –485
3040 Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, unexpired –2



3050 Unpaid obligations, end of year 5 5 5
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100 Obligated balance, start of year 9 5 5
3200 Obligated balance, end of year 5 5 5

Financing authority and disbursements, net:
Mandatory:
4090 Budget authority, gross 509 1,118 486
Financing disbursements:
4110 Outlays, gross (total) 460 877 485
Offsets against gross financing authority and disbursements:
Offsetting collections (collected) from:
4120 Upward reestimate –355 –319
4120 Upward reestimate interest –150 –148
4120 Upward CARES Mod –1,069
4120 Upward FY22 Mods –240
4122 Interest on uninvested funds –31
4123 Principal repayments –703 –1,131 –1,596
4123 Borrower interest repayments –142 –350



4130 Offsets against gross budget authority and outlays (total) –2,308 –1,980 –1,946



4160 Budget authority, net (mandatory) –1,799 –862 –1,460
4170 Outlays, net (mandatory) –1,848 –1,103 –1,461
4180 Budget authority, net (total) –1,799 –862 –1,460
4190 Outlays, net (total) –1,848 –1,103 –1,461

Status of Direct Loans (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–4449–0–3–502 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Cumulative balance of direct loans outstanding:
1210 Outstanding, start of year 16,009 15,238 14,036
1251 Repayments: Repayments and prepayments –621 –1,131 –1,596
1264 Other adjustments, net (+ or -) –150 –71 –68



1290 Outstanding, end of year 15,238 14,036 12,372

As required by the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990, this nonbudgetary account records all cash flows to and from the Government resulting from the standard and short-term Put programs authorized under the Ensuring Continued Access to Student Loans Act of 2008. Amounts in this account are a means of financing and are not included in the budget totals.

Balance Sheet (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–4449–0–3–502 2020 actual 2021 actual

ASSETS:
Federal assets:
1101 Fund balances with Treasury 98 57
Investments in U.S. securities:
1106 Receivables, net 740 443
Net value of assets related to post-1991 direct loans receivable:
1401 Direct loans receivable, gross 16,009 15,238
1402 Interest receivable 2,796 2,715
1405 Allowance for subsidy cost (-) –4,102 –4,821


1499 Net present value of assets related to direct loans 14,703 13,132
1901 Other Federal assets: Other assets 2 1


1999 Total assets 15,543 13,633
LIABILITIES:
Federal liabilities:
2101 Accounts payable
2103 Debt 15,543 13,633
2105 Other
2201 Non-Federal liabilities: Accounts payable


2999 Total liabilities 15,543 13,633
NET POSITION:
3300 Cumulative results of operations


4999 Total liabilities and net position 15,543 13,633

Temporary Student Loan Purchase Authority Conduit Financing Account

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–4459–0–3–502 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Obligations by program activity:
0003 Contract collection costs 1 3 3
Credit program obligations:
0713 Payment of interest to Treasury 42 40 40



0900 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts 43 43 43

Budgetary resources:
Unobligated balance:
1000 Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1 26 6
1021 Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations 10
1023 Unobligated balances applied to repay debt –36 –6
Financing authority:
Borrowing authority, mandatory:
1400 Borrowing authority 11 15
Spending authority from offsetting collections, mandatory:
1800 Collected 38 28 47
1825 Spending authority from offsetting collections applied to repay debt –4



1850 Spending auth from offsetting collections, mand (total) 38 28 43
1900 Budget authority (total) 49 43 43
1930 Total budgetary resources available 49 43 43
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941 Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year 6

Change in obligated balance:
Unpaid obligations:
3000 Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1 11 1 1
3010 New obligations, unexpired accounts 43 43 43
3020 Outlays (gross) –43 –43 –43
3040 Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, unexpired –10



3050 Unpaid obligations, end of year 1 1 1
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100 Obligated balance, start of year 11 1 1
3200 Obligated balance, end of year 1 1 1

Financing authority and disbursements, net:
Mandatory:
4090 Budget authority, gross 49 43 43
Financing disbursements:
4110 Outlays, gross (total) 43 43 43
Offsets against gross financing authority and disbursements:
Offsetting collections (collected) from:
4122 Interest on uninvested funds –1
4123 Principal repayments –31 –19 –30
4123 Interest repayments –6 –9 –17



4130 Offsets against gross budget authority and outlays (total) –38 –28 –47



4160 Budget authority, net (mandatory) 11 15 –4
4170 Outlays, net (mandatory) 5 15 –4
4180 Budget authority, net (total) 11 15 –4
4190 Outlays, net (total) 5 15 –4

Status of Direct Loans (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–4459–0–3–502 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Cumulative balance of direct loans outstanding:
1210 Outstanding, start of year 1,389 1,343 1,324
1251 Repayments: Repayments and prepayments –31 –19 –30
1264 Other adjustments, net (+ or -) –15



1290 Outstanding, end of year 1,343 1,324 1,294

As required by the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990, this nonbudgetary account records all cash flows to and from the Government resulting from the asset-backed commercial paper conduit authorized under the Ensuring Continued Access to Student Loans Act of 2008. Amounts in this account are a means of financing and are not included in the budget totals.

Balance Sheet (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–4459–0–3–502 2020 actual 2021 actual

ASSETS:
1101 Federal assets: Fund balances with Treasury 37 7
Net value of assets related to post-1991 direct loans receivable:
1401 Direct loans receivable, gross 1,389 1,343
1402 Interest receivable 379 371
1405 Allowance for subsidy cost (-) –435 –375


1499 Net present value of assets related to direct loans 1,333 1,339
1901 Other Federal assets: Other assets 2


1999 Total assets 1,372 1,346
LIABILITIES:
2103 Federal liabilities: Debt 1,372 1,346
2201 Non-Federal liabilities: Accounts payable


2999 Total liabilities 1,372 1,346
NET POSITION:
3300 Cumulative results of operations


4999 Total liabilities and net position 1,372 1,346

Federal Family Education Loan Liquidating Account

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0230–0–1–502 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Obligations by program activity:
0101 Interest benefits, net of origination fees 1 3 3
0103 Default claims 9 12 18
0104 Death, disability, and bankruptcy claims 7 8 8
0105 Contract collection costs 1 1 3



0191 Subtotal, Stafford loans 18 24 32
0201 Default claims 1 3 4
0202 Death, disability, and bankruptcy claims 1 1 2
0205 Contract collection costs 1



0291 Subtotal, PLUS/SLS loans 3 4 6



0900 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts 21 28 38

Budgetary resources:
Unobligated balance:
1000 Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1 85 74
1021 Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations 3 4
1022 Capital transfer of unobligated balances to general fund –85 –78
1033 Recoveries of prior year paid obligations 2



1070 Unobligated balance (total) 5
Budget authority:
Spending authority from offsetting collections, mandatory:
1800 Collected 90 171 251
1820 Capital transfer of spending authority from offsetting collections to general fund –143 –213



1850 Spending auth from offsetting collections, mand (total) 90 28 38
1930 Total budgetary resources available 95 28 38
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941 Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year 74

Change in obligated balance:
Unpaid obligations:
3000 Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1 5 4
3010 New obligations, unexpired accounts 21 28 38
3020 Outlays (gross) –19 –28 –38
3040 Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, unexpired –3 –4



3050 Unpaid obligations, end of year 4
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100 Obligated balance, start of year 5 4
3200 Obligated balance, end of year 4

Budget authority and outlays, net:
Mandatory:
4090 Budget authority, gross 90 28 38
Outlays, gross:
4100 Outlays from new mandatory authority 28 38
4101 Outlays from mandatory balances 19



4110 Outlays, gross (total) 19 28 38
Offsets against gross budget authority and outlays:
Offsetting collections (collected) from:
4123 Fed collections on defaulted loans, Stafford –78 –154 –226
4123 Other collections, Stafford –3
4123 Federal collections on defaulted loans, PLUS/SLS –11 –17 –25



4130 Offsets against gross budget authority and outlays (total) –92 –171 –251
Additional offsets against gross budget authority only:
4143 Recoveries of prior year paid obligations, unexpired accounts 2



4160 Budget authority, net (mandatory) –143 –213
4170 Outlays, net (mandatory) –73 –143 –213
4180 Budget authority, net (total) –143 –213
4190 Outlays, net (total) –73 –143 –213

Status of Guaranteed Loans (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0230–0–1–502 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

STAFFORD LOANS
Cumulative balance of guaranteed loans outstanding:
2210 Outstanding, start of year 356 568 534
2251 Repayments and prepayments –13 –13 –13
Adjustments:
2261 Terminations for default that result in loans receivable –9 –13 –20
2263 Terminations for default that result in claim payments –7 –8 –9
2264 Other adjustments, net 241



2290 Outstanding, end of year 568 534 492

Memorandum:
2299 Guaranteed amount of guaranteed loans outstanding, end of year 568 534 492

Addendum:
Cumulative balance of defaulted guaranteed loans that result in loans receivable:
2310 Outstanding, start of year 3,128 3,138 3,049
2331 Disbursements for guaranteed loan claims 9 13 20
2351 Repayments of loans receivable –65 –94 –71
2361 Write-offs of loans receivable –7 –8 –9
2364 Other adjustments, net 73



2390 Outstanding, end of year 3,138 3,049 2,989

PLUS/SLS LOANS
Cumulative balance of guaranteed loans outstanding:
2210 Outstanding, start of year 38 79 75
2251 Repayments and prepayments –2 –2 –2
Adjustments:
2261 Terminations for default that result in loans receivable –1 –1 –2
2263 Terminations for default that result in claim payments –1 –1 –1
2264 Other adjustments, net 45



2290 Outstanding, end of year 79 75 70

Memorandum:
2299 Guaranteed amount of guaranteed loans outstanding, end of year 79 75 70

Addendum:
Cumulative balance of defaulted guaranteed loans that result in loans receivable:
2310 Outstanding, start of year 498 502 491
2331 Disbursements for guaranteed loan claims 1 1 2
2351 Repayments of loans receivable –9 –11 –8
2361 Write-offs of loans receivable –1 –1 –1
2364 Other adjustments, net 13



2390 Outstanding, end of year 502 491 484

As required by the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990, this liquidating account records, for this program, all cash flows to and from the Government resulting from guaranteed student loans committed prior to 1992. This account is shown on a cash basis. All new loan activity in this program for 1992 and beyond is recorded in corresponding program and financing accounts.

Balance Sheet (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0230–0–1–502 2020 actual 2021 actual

ASSETS:
1101 Federal assets: Fund balances with Treasury 90 78
1701 Defaulted guaranteed loans, gross 3,626 3,640
1702 Interest receivable 5,809 5,738
1703 Allowance for estimated uncollectible loans and interest (-) –8,249 –8,418


1799 Value of assets related to loan guarantees 1,186 960


1999 Total assets 1,276 1,038
LIABILITIES:
2104 Federal liabilities: Resources payable to Treasury 1,275 1,038
Non-Federal liabilities:
2201 Accounts payable
2204 Liabilities for loan guarantees 1


2999 Total liabilities 1,276 1,038
NET POSITION:
3300 Cumulative results of operations


4999 Total liabilities and net position 1,276 1,038

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0230–0–1–502 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Direct obligations:
33.0 Investments and loans 10 15 22
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and contributions 3 4 6
42.0 Insurance claims and indemnities 8 9 10



99.0 Direct obligations 21 28 38



99.9 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts 21 28 38

Health Education Assistance Loans Program Account

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0247–0–1–502 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Obligations by program activity:
Credit program obligations:
0704 Subsidy for modifications of loan guarantees 1 1
0707 Reestimates of loan guarantee subsidy 3
0708 Interest on reestimates of loan guarantee subsidy 11



0900 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts (object class 41.0) 1 15

Budgetary resources:
Budget authority:
Appropriations, mandatory:
1200 Appropriation 1 15
1930 Total budgetary resources available 1 15

Change in obligated balance:
Unpaid obligations:
3010 New obligations, unexpired accounts 1 15
3020 Outlays (gross) –1 –15

Budget authority and outlays, net:
Mandatory:
4090 Budget authority, gross 1 15
Outlays, gross:
4100 Outlays from new mandatory authority 1 15
4180 Budget authority, net (total) 1 15
4190 Outlays, net (total) 1 15

Summary of Loan Levels, Subsidy Budget Authority and Outlays by Program (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0247–0–1–502 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Guaranteed loan subsidy outlays:
234001 HEAL Loan Guarantee 1 1
Guaranteed loan reestimates:
235001 HEAL Loan Guarantee –25 14

Consistent with the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014 (P.L. 113–76), the Health Education Assistance Loans (HEAL) program was transferred to the Department of Education from the Department of Health and Human Services in 2014. The Department of Education assumed responsibility for the program and the authority to administer, service, collect, and enforce the program.

The HEAL program guarantees loans from private lenders to health professions students to pay for the costs of their training. As required by the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990, this account records the subsidy costs associated with HEAL loan guarantees committed in 1992 and beyond (including modifications of HEAL loan guarantees that resulted from obligations or commitments in any year), as well as administrative expenses of the program.

Health Education Assistance Loans Financing Account

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–4300–0–3–502 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Obligations by program activity:
Credit program obligations:
0711 Default claim payments on principal 4 4
0713 Payment of interest to Treasury 2 2 2
0715 Default Collection Costs 1 1
0742 Downward reestimates paid to receipt accounts 7
0743 Interest on downward reestimates 19



0900 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts 28 7 7

Budgetary resources:
Unobligated balance:
1000 Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1 13 9 22
1023 Unobligated balances applied to repay debt –6



1070 Unobligated balance (total) 7 9 22
Financing authority:
Borrowing authority, mandatory:
1400 Borrowing authority 25
Spending authority from offsetting collections, mandatory:
1800 Collected 5 20 5
1900 Budget authority (total) 30 20 5
1930 Total budgetary resources available 37 29 27
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941 Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year 9 22 20

Change in obligated balance:
Unpaid obligations:
3010 New obligations, unexpired accounts 28 7 7
3020 Outlays (gross) –28 –7 –6



3050 Unpaid obligations, end of year 1
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3200 Obligated balance, end of year 1

Financing authority and disbursements, net:
Mandatory:
4090 Budget authority, gross 30 20 5
Financing disbursements:
4110 Outlays, gross (total) 28 7 6
Offsets against gross financing authority and disbursements:
Offsetting collections (collected) from:
4120 Federal sources –1 –15
4122 Interest on uninvested funds –1 –2 –2
4123 Non-Federal sources –3 –3 –3



4130 Offsets against gross budget authority and outlays (total) –5 –20 –5



4160 Budget authority, net (mandatory) 25
4170 Outlays, net (mandatory) 23 –13 1
4180 Budget authority, net (total) 25
4190 Outlays, net (total) 23 –13 1

Status of Guaranteed Loans (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–4300–0–3–502 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Position with respect to appropriations act limitation on commitments:
2143 Uncommitted limitation carried forward



2150 Total guaranteed loan commitments

Cumulative balance of guaranteed loans outstanding:
2210 Outstanding, start of year 60 58 51
2251 Repayments and prepayments –2 –3 –6
Adjustments:
2261 Terminations for default that result in loans receivable –3 –3
2263 Terminations for default that result in claim payments –1 –1
2264 Other adjustments, net



2290 Outstanding, end of year 58 51 41

Memorandum:
2299 Guaranteed amount of guaranteed loans outstanding, end of year 58 51 41

Addendum:
Cumulative balance of defaulted guaranteed loans that result in loans receivable:
2310 Outstanding, start of year 140 136 135
2331 Disbursements for guaranteed loan claims 3 3
2351 Repayments and prepayments –2 –3 –3
2361 Write-offs of loans receivable –1 –1
2364 Other adjustments, net –2



2390 Outstanding, end of year 136 135 134

As required by the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990, this nonbudgetary account records all cash flows to and from the Government resulting from the Health Education Assistance Loan program. Amounts in this account are a means of financing and are not included in the budget totals.

Balance Sheet (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–4300–0–3–502 2020 actual 2021 actual

ASSETS:
1101 Federal assets: Fund balances with Treasury 13 8
Net value of assets related to post-1991 acquired defaulted guaranteed loans receivable:
1501 Defaulted guaranteed loans receivable, gross 140 136
1502 Interest receivable 20 19
1505 Allowance for subsidy cost (-) 74


1599 Net present value of assets related to defaulted guaranteed loans 160 229
1901 Other Federal assets: Other assets 42


1999 Total assets 215 237
LIABILITIES:
2103 Federal liabilities: Debt 11 30
Non-Federal liabilities:
2203 Debt
2204 Liabilities for loan guarantees 203 206


2999 Total liabilities 214 236
NET POSITION:
3300 Cumulative results of operations 1 1


4999 Total liabilities and net position 215 237

Health Education Assistance Loans Liquidating Account

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–4299–0–3–502 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Obligations by program activity:
Credit program obligations:
0715 Default Collections Costs 1 1



0900 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts (object class 33.0) 1 1

Budgetary resources:
Unobligated balance:
1000 Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1 4 2
1022 Capital transfer of unobligated balances to general fund –4 –2
Budget authority:
Spending authority from offsetting collections, mandatory:
1800 Collected 2 3 3
1820 Capital transfer of spending authority from offsetting collections to general fund –2 –2



1850 Spending auth from offsetting collections, mand (total) 2 1 1
1900 Budget authority (total) 2 1 1
1930 Total budgetary resources available 2 1 1
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941 Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year 2

Change in obligated balance:
Unpaid obligations:
3010 New obligations, unexpired accounts 1 1
3020 Outlays (gross) –1 –1

Budget authority and outlays, net:
Mandatory:
4090 Budget authority, gross 2 1 1
Outlays, gross:
4100 Outlays from new mandatory authority 1 1
Offsets against gross budget authority and outlays:
Offsetting collections (collected) from:
4123 Non-Federal sources –2 –3 –3
4180 Budget authority, net (total) –2 –2
4190 Outlays, net (total) –2 –2 –2

Status of Guaranteed Loans (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–4299–0–3–502 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Cumulative balance of guaranteed loans outstanding:
2210 Outstanding, start of year 6 4 3
2251 Repayments and prepayments –2 –1 –1
Adjustments:
2261 Terminations for default that result in loans receivable
2264 Other adjustments, net



2290 Outstanding, end of year 4 3 2

Memorandum:
2299 Guaranteed amount of guaranteed loans outstanding, end of year 4 2 2

Addendum:
Cumulative balance of defaulted guaranteed loans that result in loans receivable:
2310 Outstanding, start of year 256 252 249
2331 Disbursements for guaranteed loan claims
2351 Repayments of loans receivable –2 –3 –3
2361 Write-offs of loans receivable
2364 Other adjustments, net –2



2390 Outstanding, end of year 252 249 246

As required by the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990, this liquidating account records, for this program, all cash flows to and from the Government resulting from guaranteed Health Education Assistance Loans loans committed prior to 1992. This account is shown on a cash basis. All loan activity in this program for 1992 and beyond is recorded in corresponding program and financing accounts.

Balance Sheet (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–4299–0–3–502 2020 actual 2021 actual

ASSETS:
1101 Federal assets: Fund balances with Treasury 4 2
1701 Defaulted guaranteed loans, gross 256 252
1702 Interest receivable 9 8
1703 Allowance for estimated uncollectible loans and interest (-) –80 –76


1799 Value of assets related to loan guarantees 185 184
1901 Other Federal assets: Other assets 8


1999 Total assets 197 186
LIABILITIES:
2104 Federal liabilities: Resources payable to Treasury 162 158
Non-Federal liabilities:
2204 Liabilities for loan guarantees 35 36
2207 Other


2999 Total liabilities 197 194
NET POSITION:
3300 Cumulative results of operations –8


4999 Total liabilities and net position 197 186

Institute of Education Sciences

Federal Funds

Institute of education sciences

For carrying out activities authorized by the Education Sciences Reform Act of 2002, the National Assessment of Educational Progress Authorization Act, section 208 of the Educational Technical Assistance Act of 2002, and section 664 of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, $662,516,000, which shall remain available through September 30, 2024: Provided, That funds available to carry out section 208 of the Educational Technical Assistance Act may be used to link Statewide elementary and secondary data systems with early childhood, postsecondary, and workforce data systems, or to further develop such systems: Provided further, That up to $6,000,000 of the funds available to carry out section 208 of the Educational Technical Assistance Act may be used for awards to public or private organizations or agencies to support activities to improve data coordination, quality, and use at the local, State, and national levels.

Note.—A full-year 2022 appropriation for this account was not enacted at the time the Budget was prepared; therefore, the Budget assumes this account is operating under the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2022 (Division A of Public Law 117–43, as amended). The amounts included for 2022 reflect the annualized level provided by the continuing resolution.

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–1100–0–1–503 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Obligations by program activity:
0001 Research, development, and dissemination 187 233 224
0002 Statistics 117 108 105
0003 Regional educational laboratories 56 56 56
0004 National Assessment 146 154 146
0005 National Assessment Governing Board 7 7 7
0006 Research in special education 59 59 61
0007 Statewide longitudinal data systems 35 35 35
0008 Special education studies and evaluations 10 10 10



0100 Total direct program 617 662 644



0799 Total direct obligations 617 662 644



0900 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts 617 662 644

Budgetary resources:
Unobligated balance:
1000 Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1 108 265 245
1001 Discretionary unobligated balance brought fwd, Oct 1 108 165
1021 Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations 4



1070 Unobligated balance (total) 112 265 245
Budget authority:
Appropriations, discretionary:
1100 Appropriation 670 642 663
Appropriations, mandatory:
1200 Appropriation 100
1900 Budget authority (total) 770 642 663
1930 Total budgetary resources available 882 907 908
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941 Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year 265 245 264

Change in obligated balance:
Unpaid obligations:
3000 Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1 588 644 691
3010 New obligations, unexpired accounts 617 662 644
3020 Outlays (gross) –555 –615 –542
3040 Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, unexpired –4
3041 Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, expired –2



3050 Unpaid obligations, end of year 644 691 793
Uncollected payments:
3060 Uncollected pymts, Fed sources, brought forward, Oct 1 –2 –2 –2



3090 Uncollected pymts, Fed sources, end of year –2 –2 –2
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100 Obligated balance, start of year 586 642 689
3200 Obligated balance, end of year 642 689 791

Budget authority and outlays, net:
Discretionary:
4000 Budget authority, gross 670 642 663
Outlays, gross:
4010 Outlays from new discretionary authority 161 105 108
4011 Outlays from discretionary balances 384 506 415



4020 Outlays, gross (total) 545 611 523
Mandatory:
4090 Budget authority, gross 100
Outlays, gross:
4100 Outlays from new mandatory authority 10
4101 Outlays from mandatory balances 4 19



4110 Outlays, gross (total) 10 4 19
4180 Budget authority, net (total) 770 642 663
4190 Outlays, net (total) 555 615 542

Research, Statistics, and Assessment:

Research, development, and dissemination.—Funds support a diverse portfolio of research, development, and dissemination activities that provide parents, teachers, and schools with evidence-based information on effective educational practices.

Statistics.—Funds support the Department's statistical data collection activities, which are conducted by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). NCES collects, analyzes, and disseminates education statistics at all levels, from preschool through postsecondary and adult education, including statistics on international education activities.

Regional educational laboratories.—Funds support a network of 10 regional laboratories that provide expert advice, including training and technical assistance, to help States and school districts apply proven research findings in their school improvement efforts.

Assessment.—Funds support the ongoing National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) and the National Assessment Governing Board (NAGB). NAEP administers assessments to samples of students in order to gather reliable information about educational attainment in important academic areas. NAGB is responsible for formulating NAEP policy; developing student achievement levels; and selecting, consistent with the requirements of the statute, the subjects to be assessed.

Research in special education.—Funds support research to build the evidence base on improving special education and early intervention services and outcomes for infants, toddlers, and children with disabilities.

Statewide longitudinal data systems.—Funds support competitive grant awards to States to foster the design, development, implementation, and use of longitudinal data systems. In addition, funds would support awards to public and private agencies to improve data coordination, quality, and use at the local, State, and national levels.

Special education studies and evaluations.—Funds support studies, evaluations, and assessments related to the implementation of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act in order to improve special education and early intervention services and outcomes for infants, toddlers, and children with disabilities.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–1100–0–1–503 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Direct obligations:
Personnel compensation:
11.1 Full-time permanent 1 1 1
11.3 Other than full-time permanent 1 1 1



11.9 Total personnel compensation 2 2 2
12.1 Civilian personnel benefits 1 1 1
25.1 Advisory and assistance services 38 44 24
25.2 Other services from non-Federal sources 269 269 279
25.3 Other goods and services from Federal sources 2 2 12
25.5 Research and development contracts 72 72 72
41.0 Grants, subsidies, and contributions 233 272 254



99.9 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts 617 662 644

Employment Summary


Identification code 091–1100–0–1–503 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

1001 Direct civilian full-time equivalent employment 13 13 13

Departmental Management

Federal Funds

PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION

For carrying out, to the extent not otherwise provided, the Department of Education Organization Act, including rental of conference rooms in the District of Columbia and hire of three passenger motor vehicles, $548,000,000, of which up to $17,500,000, to remain available until expended, shall be available for relocation expenses, and for the renovation and repair of leased buildings: Provided, That, from the amount in the preceding proviso, the Secretary may use up to $5,000,000 to support a commission on the future of the teaching profession that addresses the pressing needs of the field, including making the compensation of educators competitive with similarly educated professionals, together with providing for the collection and analysis of labor market data at the State and regional levels on gaps in educators salaries and overall compensation relative to professionals with similar qualifications, including education, skills, and experience: Provided further, That, notwithstanding any other provision of law, none of the funds provided by this Act or provided by previous Appropriations Acts to the Department of Education available for obligation or expenditure in the current fiscal year may be used for any activity relating to implementing a reorganization that decentralizes, reduces the staffing level, or alters the responsibilities, structure, authority, or functionality of the Budget Service of the Department of Education, relative to the organization and operation of the Budget Service as in effect on January 1, 2018.

Note.—A full-year 2022 appropriation for this account was not enacted at the time the Budget was prepared; therefore, the Budget assumes this account is operating under the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2022 (Division A of Public Law 117–43, as amended). The amounts included for 2022 reflect the annualized level provided by the continuing resolution.

Special and Trust Fund Receipts (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0800–0–1–503 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

0100 Balance, start of year 1 2
Receipts:
Current law:
1130 Contributions 1 1 1



2000 Total: Balances and receipts 1 2 3



5099 Balance, end of year 1 2 3

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0800–0–1–503 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Obligations by program activity:
0001 Program administration 448 430 548

Budgetary resources:
Unobligated balance:
1000 Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1 7 23 23
1001 Discretionary unobligated balance brought fwd, Oct 1 7
Budget authority:
Appropriations, discretionary:
1100 Appropriation 445 430 548
Appropriations, mandatory:
1200 Appropriation 15
Spending authority from offsetting collections, discretionary:
1700 Collected 3
1701 Change in uncollected payments, Federal sources 1



1750 Spending auth from offsetting collections, disc (total) 4
1900 Budget authority (total) 464 430 548
1930 Total budgetary resources available 471 453 571
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941 Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year 23 23 23

Change in obligated balance:
Unpaid obligations:
3000 Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1 176 178 139
3010 New obligations, unexpired accounts 448 430 548
3011 Obligations ("upward adjustments"), expired accounts 1
3020 Outlays (gross) –439 –469 –535
3041 Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, expired –8



3050 Unpaid obligations, end of year 178 139 152
Uncollected payments:
3060 Uncollected pymts, Fed sources, brought forward, Oct 1 –2 –2 –2
3070 Change in uncollected pymts, Fed sources, unexpired –1
3071 Change in uncollected pymts, Fed sources, expired 1



3090 Uncollected pymts, Fed sources, end of year –2 –2 –2
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100 Obligated balance, start of year 174 176 137
3200 Obligated balance, end of year 176 137 150

Budget authority and outlays, net:
Discretionary:
4000 Budget authority, gross 449 430 548
Outlays, gross:
4010 Outlays from new discretionary authority 330 338 439
4011 Outlays from discretionary balances 108 118 96



4020 Outlays, gross (total) 438 456 535
Offsets against gross budget authority and outlays:
Offsetting collections (collected) from:
4030 Federal sources –3 –1



4040 Offsets against gross budget authority and outlays (total) –3 –1
Additional offsets against gross budget authority only:
4050 Change in uncollected pymts, Fed sources, unexpired –1
4052 Offsetting collections credited to expired accounts 1



4060 Additional offsets against budget authority only (total) –1 1



4070 Budget authority, net (discretionary) 445 430 548
4080 Outlays, net (discretionary) 435 455 535
Mandatory:
4090 Budget authority, gross 15
Outlays, gross:
4100 Outlays from new mandatory authority 1
4101 Outlays from mandatory balances 13



4110 Outlays, gross (total) 1 13
4180 Budget authority, net (total) 460 430 548
4190 Outlays, net (total) 436 468 535

The Program Administration account includes the direct Federal costs of providing grants and administering early, elementary, and secondary education; Indian education; English language acquisition; higher education; career, technical, and adult education; special education programs; and programs for persons with disabilities. It also supports assessment, statistics, and research activities.

In addition, this account includes the cost of providing centralized support and administrative services, overall policy development, and strategic planning for the Department. Included in the centralized activities are rent and mail services; telecommunications; contractual services; financial management and accounting, including payments to schools, education agencies and other grant recipients, and preparation of auditable financial statements; information technology services and security; personnel management; personnel security; budget formulation and execution; legal services; congressional and public relations; and intergovernmental affairs. Included in this account is the Department of Education's cost to relocate staff and renovate buildings occupied by Department staff.

Also included in this account are contributions from the public. Contributions not designated for a specific purpose are in the account's Gifts and Bequests Miscellaneous Fund.

Reimbursable program.—Reimbursements to this account are for providing administrative services to other agencies.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0800–0–1–503 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Direct obligations:
Personnel compensation:
11.1 Full-time permanent 187 200 239
11.3 Other than full-time permanent 19 5 5
11.5 Other personnel compensation 5 5 5



11.9 Total personnel compensation 211 210 249
12.1 Civilian personnel benefits 72 76 90
21.0 Travel and transportation of persons 1 1 3
23.1 Rental payments to GSA 23 28 28
23.3 Communications, utilities, and miscellaneous charges 1 1 1
24.0 Printing and reproduction 1 1 1
25.1 Advisory and assistance services 1 3 4
25.2 Other services from non-Federal sources 29 17 31
25.3 Other goods and services from Federal sources 19 16 16
25.7 Operation and maintenance of equipment 75 72 105
26.0 Supplies and materials 1 2 1
31.0 Equipment 2 2 9
32.0 Land and structures 8 1 10



99.0 Direct obligations 444 430 548
99.5 Adjustment for rounding 4



99.9 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts 448 430 548

Employment Summary


Identification code 091–0800–0–1–503 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

1001 Direct civilian full-time equivalent employment 1,624 1,556 1,762

Department of Education Nonrecurring Expenses Fund

OFFICE FOR CIVIL RIGHTS

For expenses necessary for the Office for Civil Rights, as authorized by section 203 of the Department of Education Organization Act, $161,300,000.

Note.—A full-year 2022 appropriation for this account was not enacted at the time the Budget was prepared; therefore, the Budget assumes this account is operating under the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2022 (Division A of Public Law 117–43, as amended). The amounts included for 2022 reflect the annualized level provided by the continuing resolution.

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0700–0–1–751 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Obligations by program activity:
0001 Civil rights 132 131 161

Budgetary resources:
Budget authority:
Appropriations, discretionary:
1100 Appropriation 131 131 161
Spending authority from offsetting collections, discretionary:
1701 Change in uncollected payments, Federal sources 1
1900 Budget authority (total) 132 131 161
1930 Total budgetary resources available 132 131 161

Change in obligated balance:
Unpaid obligations:
3000 Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1 37 31 29
3010 New obligations, unexpired accounts 132 131 161
3020 Outlays (gross) –137 –133 –155
3041 Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, expired –1



3050 Unpaid obligations, end of year 31 29 35
Uncollected payments:
3060 Uncollected pymts, Fed sources, brought forward, Oct 1 –1 –1
3070 Change in uncollected pymts, Fed sources, unexpired –1



3090 Uncollected pymts, Fed sources, end of year –1 –1 –1
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100 Obligated balance, start of year 37 30 28
3200 Obligated balance, end of year 30 28 34

Budget authority and outlays, net:
Discretionary:
4000 Budget authority, gross 132 131 161
Outlays, gross:
4010 Outlays from new discretionary authority 110 110 136
4011 Outlays from discretionary balances 27 23 19



4020 Outlays, gross (total) 137 133 155
Offsets against gross budget authority and outlays:
Offsetting collections (collected) from:
4030 Federal sources –1
Additional offsets against gross budget authority only:
4050 Change in uncollected pymts, Fed sources, unexpired –1
4052 Offsetting collections credited to expired accounts 1



4060 Additional offsets against budget authority only (total) –1 1



4070 Budget authority, net (discretionary) 131 131 161
4080 Outlays, net (discretionary) 137 132 155
4180 Budget authority, net (total) 131 131 161
4190 Outlays, net (total) 137 132 155

The Office for Civil Rights is responsible for ensuring that no person is unlawfully discriminated against on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, disability, or age in the delivery of services or the provision of benefits in programs or activities of schools and institutions receiving financial assistance from the Department of Education. The authorities under which the Office for Civil Rights operates are Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (race ,color, or national origin discrimination), Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 (sex discrimination), Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (disability discrimination), the Age Discrimination Act of 1975, Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (whether or not the public entity receives Federal Financial Assistance), and the Boy Scouts of America Equal Access Act of 2002.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0700–0–1–751 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Direct obligations:
Personnel compensation:
11.1 Full-time permanent 69 70 87
11.3 Other than full-time permanent 2 1 1
11.5 Other personnel compensation 1 1



11.9 Total personnel compensation 72 72 88
12.1 Civilian personnel benefits 26 27 34
21.0 Travel and transportation of persons 1 1
23.1 Rental payments to GSA 10 10 11
25.2 Other services from non-Federal sources 3 1 1
25.3 Other goods and services from Federal sources 2 3 3
25.7 Operation and maintenance of equipment 18 17 23



99.0 Direct obligations 131 131 161
99.5 Adjustment for rounding 1



99.9 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts 132 131 161

Employment Summary


Identification code 091–0700–0–1–751 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

1001 Direct civilian full-time equivalent employment 584 575 676

OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL

For expenses necessary for the Office of Inspector General, as authorized by section 212 of the Department of Education Organization Act, $76,452,000, of which $2,000,000 shall remain available until expended.

Note.—A full-year 2022 appropriation for this account was not enacted at the time the Budget was prepared; therefore, the Budget assumes this account is operating under the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2022 (Division A of Public Law 117–43, as amended). The amounts included for 2022 reflect the annualized level provided by the continuing resolution.

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–1400–0–1–751 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Obligations by program activity:
0001 Inspector General 64 72 76

Budgetary resources:
Unobligated balance:
1000 Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1 10 18 9
Budget authority:
Appropriations, discretionary:
1100 Appropriation 68 63 76
Appropriations, mandatory:
1200 Appropriation 5
1900 Budget authority (total) 73 63 76
1930 Total budgetary resources available 83 81 85
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1940 Unobligated balance expiring –1
1941 Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year 18 9 9

Change in obligated balance:
Unpaid obligations:
3000 Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1 18 19 19
3010 New obligations, unexpired accounts 64 72 76
3020 Outlays (gross) –62 –72 –76
3041 Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, expired –1



3050 Unpaid obligations, end of year 19 19 19
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100 Obligated balance, start of year 18 19 19
3200 Obligated balance, end of year 19 19 19

Budget authority and outlays, net:
Discretionary:
4000 Budget authority, gross 68 63 76
Outlays, gross:
4010 Outlays from new discretionary authority 49 52 62
4011 Outlays from discretionary balances 13 15 14



4020 Outlays, gross (total) 62 67 76
Mandatory:
4090 Budget authority, gross 5
Outlays, gross:
4101 Outlays from mandatory balances 5
4180 Budget authority, net (total) 73 63 76
4190 Outlays, net (total) 62 72 76

The Office of Inspector General (OIG) is an independent entity within the Department of Education responsible for identifying fraud, waste, abuse, and criminal activity involving the Department's funds, programs, and operations. The OIG conducts independent audits and other reviews to ensure the effectiveness and efficiency of the Department's programs and operations, recommends actions to address systemic weaknesses and improve the Department's programs and operations, and recommends changes needed in Federal laws and regulations.

Object Classification (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–1400–0–1–751 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Direct obligations:
Personnel compensation:
11.1 Full-time permanent 27 37 36
11.5 Other personnel compensation 2 1 1



11.9 Total personnel compensation 29 38 37
12.1 Civilian personnel benefits 13 16 16
21.0 Travel and transportation of persons 2
23.1 Rental payments to GSA 6 6 5
25.1 Advisory and assistance services 1
25.2 Other services from non-Federal sources 3 3 5
25.3 Other goods and services from Federal sources 3 1 2
25.7 Operation and maintenance of equipment 6 7 8
31.0 Equipment 3 1 1



99.9 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts 64 72 76

Employment Summary


Identification code 091–1400–0–1–751 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

1001 Direct civilian full-time equivalent employment 228 271 253

Disaster Education Recovery

Federal Funds

Disaster Education Recovery

Program and Financing (in millions of dollars)


Identification code 091–0013–0–1–500 2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Obligations by program activity:
0001 Hurricane Education Recovery 13 1,292 67



0900 Total new obligations, unexpired accounts (object class 41.0) 13 1,292 67

Budgetary resources:
Unobligated balance:
1000 Unobligated balance brought forward, Oct 1 1,293 1,359 67
1021 Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations 79



1070 Unobligated balance (total) 1,372 1,359 67
1930 Total budgetary resources available 1,372 1,359 67
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
1941 Unexpired unobligated balance, end of year 1,359 67

Change in obligated balance:
Unpaid obligations:
3000 Unpaid obligations, brought forward, Oct 1 680 319 1,061
3010 New obligations, unexpired accounts 13 1,292 67
3020 Outlays (gross) –295 –550 –493
3040 Recoveries of prior year unpaid obligations, unexpired –79



3050 Unpaid obligations, end of year 319 1,061 635
Memorandum (non-add) entries:
3100 Obligated balance, start of year 680 319 1,061
3200 Obligated balance, end of year 319 1,061 635

Budget authority and outlays, net:
Discretionary:
Outlays, gross:
4011 Outlays from discretionary balances 295 550 493
4180 Budget authority, net (total)
4190 Outlays, net (total) 295 550 493

Funds support the following six programs authorized under Public Law 115–123: Awards to Eligible Entities for Immediate Aid to Restart School Operations; Temporary Emergency Impact Aid for Displaced Students; Assistance to Local Educational Agencies Serving Homeless Children and Youth enrolled as a result of displacement by a covered disaster or emergency; Project School Emergency Response to Violence activities authorized under section 4631(b) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, as amended; Emergency Assistance to Institutions of Higher Education (IHEs) and Students Attending IHEs from an area directly affected by a covered disaster or emergency; and payments to IHEs to help defray the unexpected expenses associated with enrolling students from IHEs at which operations have been disrupted by a covered disaster or emergency. Amounts in this schedule reflect balances that are spending out from prior-year appropriations.

General and Administrative Provisions

GENERAL FUND RECEIPT ACCOUNTS

(in millions of dollars)


2021 actual 2022 est. 2023 est.

Offsetting receipts from the public:
091–143500 General Fund Proprietary Interest Receipts, not Otherwise Classified 4 2 2
091–271810 Federal Family Education Loan Program, Negative Subsidies 547
091–271830 Federal Family Education Loan Program, Downward Reestimates of Subsidies 589
091–274130 College Housing and Academic Facilities Loan, Downward Reestimates of Subsidies 207 291
091–278110 Federal Direct Student Loan Program, Negative Subsidies 3,970 13,744 2,699
091–278130 Federal Direct Student Loan Program, Downward Reestimates of Subsidies 839 13,702
091–279410 TEACH Grant Program, Negative Subsidies 2
091–279430 TEACH Grant Program, Downward Reestimates of Subsidies 3 4
091–279830 Health Education Assistance Loans, Downward Reestimates of Subsidies 25
091–291500 Repayment of Loans, Capital Contributions, Higher Education Activities 866 771 638
091–322000 All Other General Fund Proprietary Receipts Including Budget Clearing Accounts 130 8 8
General Fund Offsetting receipts from the public 6,633 29,071 3,347

Intragovernmental payments:
091–388500 Undistributed Intragovernmental Payments and Receivables from Cancelled Accounts –13



General Fund Intragovernmental payments –13

GENERAL PROVISIONS

SEC. 301. No funds appropriated in this Act may be used to prevent the implementation of programs of voluntary prayer and meditation in the public schools.'

(TRANSFER OF FUNDS)

SEC. 302. Not to exceed 1 percent of any discretionary funds (pursuant to the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985) which are appropriated for the Department of Education in this Act may be transferred between appropriations, but no such appropriation shall be increased by more than 3 percent by any such transfer: Provided, That the transfer authority granted by this section shall not be used to create any new program or to fund any project or activity for which no funds are provided in this Act: Provided further, That the Committees on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Senate are notified at least 15 days in advance of any transfer.SEC. 303. Funds appropriated in this Act and consolidated for evaluation purposes under section 8601(c) of the ESEA shall be available from July 1, 2023, through September 30, 2024.SEC. 304.

(a) An institution of higher education that maintains an endowment fund supported with funds appropriated for title III or V of the HEA for fiscal year 2023 may use the income from that fund to award scholarships to students, subject to the limitation in section 331(c)(3)(B)(i) of the HEA. The use of such income for such purposes, prior to the enactment of this Act, shall be considered to have been an allowable use of that income, subject to that limitation.

(b) Subsection (a) shall be in effect until titles III and V of the HEA are reauthorized.

SEC. 305. Section 114(f) of the HEA (20 U.S.C. 1011c(f)) is amended by striking "2022" and inserting "2023".SEC. 306. Section 458(a) of the HEA (20 U.S.C. 1087h(a)) is amended in paragraph (4) by striking "2022" and inserting "2023".'

(CANCELLATION)

SEC. 307. Of the amounts appropriated under Section 401(b)(7)(A)(iv)(XI) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1070a(b)(7)(A)(iv)(XI)) for fiscal year 2023, $141,000,000 are hereby cancelled.SEC. 308. Of the amounts made available under this title under the heading "Student Aid Administration", $2,300,000 may be used by the Secretary of Education to conduct outreach to borrowers of loans made under part D of title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965 who may intend to qualify for loan cancellation under section 455(m) of such Act (20 U.S.C. 1087e(m)), to ensure that borrowers are meeting the terms and conditions of such loan cancellation: Provided, That the Secretary shall specifically conduct outreach to assist borrowers who would qualify for loan cancellation under section 455(m) of such Act except that the borrower has made some, or all, of the 120 required payments under a repayment plan that is not described under section 455(m)(A) of such Act, to encourage borrowers to enroll in a qualifying repayment plan: Provided further, That the Secretary shall also communicate to all Direct Loan borrowers the full requirements of section 455(m) of such Act and improve the filing of employment certification by providing improved outreach and information such as outbound calls, electronic communications, ensuring prominent access to program requirements and benefits on each servicer's website, and creating an option for all borrowers to complete the entire payment certification process electronically and on a centralized website.SEC. 309. None of the funds made available by this Act may be used in contravention of section 203 of the Department of Education Organization Act (20 U.S.C. 3413).'

(INCLUDING TRANSFER OF FUNDS)

SEC. 310. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary may reserve not more than 0.5 percent from any amount made available in this Act for an HEA program, except for any amounts made available for subpart 1 of part A of title IV of the HEA, to carry out rigorous and independent evaluations and to collect and analyze outcome data for any program authorized by the HEA: Provided, That no funds made available in this Act for the "Student Aid Administration" account shall be subject to the reservation under this section: Provided further, That any funds reserved under this section shall be available through September 30, 2023: Provided further, That if, under any other provision of law, funds are authorized to be reserved or used for evaluation activities with respect to a program or project, the Secretary may also reserve funds for such program or project for the purposes described in this section so long as the total reservation of funds for such program or project does not exceed any statutory limits on such reservations: Provided further, That not later than 10 days prior to the initial obligation of funds reserved under this section, the Secretary shall submit to the Committees on Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives, the Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions of the Senate, and the Committee on Education and Labor of the House of Representatives a plan that identifies the source and amount of funds reserved under this section, the impact on program grantees if funds are withheld for the purposes of this section, and the activities to be carried out with such funds.